Functional State of Basal Ganglia in Extrapyramidal and Convulsive Disorders

Spiegel, E. A.; Wycis, H. T.; Baird, Henry W.; Szekely, E.G.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1956.02330200061007

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…T hese correlatio n s are difficult on th e basis o f scalp E E G stu d ies (Goldensolm 1963) because electrical events ta k in g place a t co rtico-subcortical level are " m issed" b y the scalp electrodes (Spiegel et al 1956(Spiegel et al , A jm one and van B uren 1957(Spiegel et al , P agni et al 1962.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo-electroencephalographic Observations on the Psychomotor Seizure

Pagni¹

1966

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo-electroencephalographic Observations on the Psychomotor Seizure

Pagni¹

1966

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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“…The present investigations support the indications from electrophysiological (Gastaut et al ., 1958;La Grutta, Amato, & Zagami, 1971;Mutani, 1969;Walker, Andy, & Poggio, 1955), pharmacological (Cools, Hendriks, & Korten, 1975), and clinical studies (Spiegel et al, 1956) that the caudate nucleus is involved in the seizure phenomena of epilepsy. One possible explanation of this involvement concerns the caudate nucleus as a trigger mechanism responsible for the firing of the seizure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first of these stud ies was that of Spiegel, Wycis, Baird, and Szekely (1956), who reported that seizures in a young boy were relieved by electrolytic destruction of a convulsive focus located in the caudate nucleus with accompanying lesions in the ipsilateral pallidum. In a later study, Mullan, Vailati, Karasick , and Mailis (1967) observed that even small lesions restricted entirely to the caudate nucleus lowered the threshold to hexaflurodiethylether-induced seizures in cats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lesions of the caudate nucleus or frontal neocortex on drug-induced seizures in the rat

Kirkby¹

1977

Psychobiology

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Pentamethylentetrazol-induced seizures were investigated in laboratory rats with bilateral lesions involving the anterodorsal caudate nuclei or the anterior neocortices. In comparison to control subjects, the caudotomized rats were significantly more affected by the seizureproducing effects of the drug. This was reflected in longer episodes of generalized seizures and higher incidences of myoclonus status epilepticus and postseizure mortality. The subjects with ablations of anterior cortical areas showed significantly longer latencies to myoclonus and generalized seizures. The findings supported earlier studies suggesting a specific role for the caudate nucleus in seizure behavior.

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“…The routine use of the stereotactic device in humans was made possible by Dandy's invention of ventriculography [49]. Spiegel and Wycis pioneered the use of the stereotactic device-the stereoencephalotome-in 1947 [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Spiegel designed his stereotactic device based on that of Horsley and Clarke [48,61,62] then developed a mapping system based on ventriculography.…”

Section: Claimmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders

Greek¹

2012

J Clinic Res Bioeth

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The development of deep brain stimulation has revolutionized care for patients with movement disorders like Parkinson's disease. Many areas of science contributed to this technology but one area, the use of animal models, has been cited as vital. We review these claims as well as the history of the discoveries that eventually led to deep brain stimulation in an attempt to ascertain: 1) the contributions of animal models; 2) the contributions from humanbased research and observation; and the role of advances in the engineering, physics, and computer science. We distinguish between advances and discoveries that were, or at least appear to be, dependent on animal models and those where animals were involved but that could have occurred, and/or were occurring simultaneously, with humanbased research. We conclude that animal-based research played a role in defining gross anatomy in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries, but that essentially all subsequent advances were human-based or secondary to advances in the physical and applied sciences. This has historical, funding, and ethical implications as the development of deep brain stimulation is cited as an example of the importance of animal-based research and a reason for continued social and financial support of animal models in general as opposed to clinical research, other human-based research modalities, and the various disciplines of the physical and applied sciences.

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Functional State of Basal Ganglia in Extrapyramidal and Convulsive Disorders

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Stereo-electroencephalographic Observations on the Psychomotor Seizure

Stereo-electroencephalographic Observations on the Psychomotor Seizure

Effects of lesions of the caudate nucleus or frontal neocortex on drug-induced seizures in the rat

The Development of Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders

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