Functional specializations within the tectum defense systems of the rat

Schenberg, Luiz Carlos; Póvoa, Raner Miguel Ferreira; Costa, A.L.P.; Caldellas, A.V.; Tufik, Sérgio; Bittencourt, Athelson Stefanon

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.05.006

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with these data, recent anatomical studies revealed the existence of direct anatomical connections between the SC, Pulv, and Amg in nonhuman primates (36), and in vivo tractography found the same connections in healthy human subjects and in patient GY (37). The activation in the SC is in line with its role in triggering reflex-like emotional reactions (29) and with previous evidence showing its pivotal role in blindsight (3,38). Pulv activity is consistent with the role of this structure in determining what is salient in the visual scene.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

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Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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Patients with striate cortex damage and clinical blindness retain the ability to process certain visual properties of stimuli that they are not aware of seeing. Here we investigated the neural correlates of residual visual perception for dynamic whole-body emotional actions. Angry and neutral emotional whole-body actions were presented in the intact and blind visual hemifield of a cortically blind patient with unilateral destruction of striate cortex. Comparisons of angry vs. neutral actions performed separately in the blind and intact visual hemifield showed in both cases increased activation in primary somatosensory, motor, and premotor cortices. Activations selective for intact hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were located subcortically in the right lateral geniculate nucleus and cortically in the superior temporal sulcus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus. Activations specific for blind hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were found in the bilateral superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, amygdala, and right fusiform gyrus. Direct comparison of emotional modulation in the blind vs. intact visual hemifield revealed selective activity in the right superior colliculus and bilateral pulvinar for angry expressions, thereby showing a selective involvement of these subcortical structures in nonconscious visual emotion perception.blindsight | body expressions | consciousness T he visual system encompasses a number of parallel visual pathways (1) of which the primary geniculostriate system processes a wide range of stimulus attributes. Other extrageniculostriate visual routes likely have a much more narrowly specified function, as indicated by their sensitivity to a limited range of spatial frequencies (2), spectral components (3), or motion parameters (4). However, we do not yet have a clear understanding of how these different extrageniculostriate pathways and the visual attributes they process match. Some visual attributes can also be processed by both the geniculostriate pathway and a more specialized extrageniculostriate one.One important example is movement perception. As originally discovered by Kohler and Held (5), movement perception elicits significant qualitative and quantitative differences at the neural as well as at behavioral level compared with static stimuli in the intact brain. These differences likely reflect the high evolutionary value of movement perception and may be especially important for understanding residual visual abilities in the case of striate cortex (V1) damage. In fact, after V1 damage, cortically blind patients retain a limited visual ability for movement discrimination (4, 6-9), akin to what has been previously observed in animals with V1 destruction (10,11). This spared ability to process simple movement is probably based on the extrageniculostriate connections that motion-sensitive human middle temporal/V5 complex (hMT/V5) has with subcortical structures like the lateral geniculate nucleus ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…For example, direct stimulation of the SC in rats induces freezing and flight reactions (29). In healthy human observers, one study combining magnetoencephalography with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) found that eventrelated synchronization in response to fearful faces occurred in the Pulv after only 10-20 ms after stimulus onset (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Stock

Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the other hand, detection of proximal threat would engage mesencephalic structures, including the periaqueductal gray. In rodents, this region is implicated in reflexive behaviours like flight and freezing (Schenberg et al, 2005). In this experiment, the cerebral activity of volunteers is recorded in fMRI during a pursuit by a predator in a virtual labyrinth.…”

Section: From Behavioural Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical versus Social Fear: A Fundamental Dichotomy

et al. 2010

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In this review we scrutinize the differences between two aspects of fear: physical fear and social fear. Based on the cognitive and behavioural differences in panic disorder and social phobia we try to correlate cerebral structures implicated in both kinds of fear. We study the neocortical control mechanisms over physical fear that render social fear more channelled. We also try to understand the dynamics and evolutionary origins of each, knowing that physical fear is more immediate while social fear has more social and evolved characteristics.

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“…Electrical and chemical (via excitatory amino acids) stimulation of the dlPAG, the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus of the rat induces aversive behaviors such as freezing, arousal and escape (Bandler and Carrive, 1988;Bandler, et al, 1985;Brandao, et al, 1990;Brandao, et al, 1985), while lPAG stimulation elicits defecation and flight (Bandler and Shipley, 1994;Schenberg, et al, 2005). These behaviors are accompanied by changes in autonomic measures such as heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and respiration (Brandao, et al, 1988;Carrive, 1991;Hayward et al, 2003) and are followed by analgesia (Coimbra and Brandao, 1997;Coimbra, et al, 1992;Fanselow, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%