Functional roles of the transverse and longitudinal flagella in the swimming motility of<i>Prorocentrum minimum</i>(Dinophyceae)

Miyasaka, Iku; Nanba, Kenji; Furuya, Ken; Nimura, Yoshihachiro; Azuma, Akira

doi:10.1242/jeb.01141

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…1D. The transverse flagellum sits in a groove (68)(69)(70)(71), as shown in Fig. 1A and Movie S2; we cannot separate the flagellum's image from that of the cell body to extract all information about the flagellum's waveform.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 C and D, the longitudinal flagellum has a conventional structure; its planar waveform can be readily quantified and is faithfully represented in the model. However, the transverse flagellum is hidden in the groove and difficult to observe; its structure and driving mechanism are still being debated (68)(69)(70)(71). We can measure the wave period and speed from Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Circular swimming motility and disordered hyperuniform state in an algae system

Huang

Yang

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Active matter comprises individually driven units that convert locally stored energy into mechanical motion. Interactions between driven units lead to a variety of nonequilibrium collective phenomena in active matter. One of such phenomena is anomalously large density fluctuations, which have been observed in both experiments and theories. Here we show that, on the contrary, density fluctuations in active matter can also be greatly suppressed. Our experiments are carried out with marine algae (Effrenium voratum), which swim in circles at the air–liquid interfaces with two different eukaryotic flagella. Cell swimming generates fluid flow that leads to effective repulsions between cells in the far field. The long-range nature of such repulsive interactions suppresses density fluctuations and generates disordered hyperuniform states under a wide range of density conditions. Emergence of hyperuniformity and associated scaling exponent are quantitatively reproduced in a numerical model whose main ingredients are effective hydrodynamic interactions and uncorrelated random cell motion. Our results demonstrate the existence of disordered hyperuniform states in active matter and suggest the possibility of using hydrodynamic flow for self-assembly in active matter.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Circular swimming motility and disordered hyperuniform state in an algae system

Huang

Yang

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A longitudinal flagellum propagates approximately planar wave and a transverse helical flagellum that is wrapped around the cell and propagates helical waves; see Figure 7a. The cell body of the microorganism is nearly spherical and has been observed to rotate and translate about its longitudinal axis, producing helical swimming trajectories [33,34]. but by a tube with surface forces.…”

Section: Example 4: Dinoflagellates Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regularized image system for Stokes flow outside a solid sphere

Wróbel

Cortez

Varela

et al. 2016

Journal of Computational Physics

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The image system for a three-dimensional flow generated by regularized forces outside a solid sphere is formulated and implemented as an extension of the method of regularized Stokeslets. The method is based on replacing a point force given by a delta distribution with a smooth localized function and deriving the exact velocity field produced by the forcing. In order to satisfy zero-flow boundary conditions at a solid sphere, the image system for singular Stokeslets is generalized to give exact cancellation of the regularized flow at the surface of the sphere. The regularized image system contains the same elements as the singular counterpart but with coefficients that depend on a regularization parameter. As this parameter vanishes, the expressions reduce to the image system of the singular Stokeslet. The expression relating force and velocity can be inverted to compute the forces that generate a given velocity boundary condition elsewhere in the flow. We present several examples within the context of biological flows at the microscale in order to validate and highlight the usefulness of the image system in computations.

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“…On the other hand, LeBlond and coworkers have proposed propulsive mechanism of dinoflagellates by transverse flagella [3]. Miyasaka and coworkers have also proposed propulsion by transverse flagella; they observed the swimming motion of Prorocentrum minimum cells with a high-speed video to obtain detailed shape and motion of transverse and longitudinal flagella [4], which was then analyzed by using the resistive force theory, resulting in propulsive thrust by a transverse flagellum [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary Element Analysis and Three-Dimensional Observation of Propulsive Force and Torque of a Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium

et al. 2013

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Swimming motion of single celled dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium sp, was calculated by using the boundary element method, In the calculation, the propagating helical wave of the transverse flagellum with a membrane is considered. For the thrust rate, the numerical result well agrees with the observation. In our model, the cell body is assumed to rotate to the opposite direction of the wave propagation to balance the total torque. The cell rotation was observed from two directions to compare with the above obtained numerical result. The rotational direction is opposite to that in the prediction.

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Functional roles of the transverse and longitudinal flagella in the swimming motility ofProrocentrum minimum(Dinophyceae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Circular swimming motility and disordered hyperuniform state in an algae system

Circular swimming motility and disordered hyperuniform state in an algae system

Regularized image system for Stokes flow outside a solid sphere

Boundary Element Analysis and Three-Dimensional Observation of Propulsive Force and Torque of a Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium

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