Functional roles of the pepper leucine-rich repeat protein and its interactions with pathogenesis-related and hypersensitive-induced proteins in plant cell death and immunity

Hong, Jeum Kyu; Hwang, In-Sul; Hwang, Byung Kook

doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2709-5

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Plant cell death is an innate immune response that prevents pathogens from surviving and spreading into healthy tissues (Coll et al ., ; Hong et al ., ). To infect a host cell successfully, pathogens have evolved different strategies to evade cell death responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley stripe mosaic virus infection requires PKA‐mediated phosphorylation of γb for suppression of both RNA silencing and the host cell death response

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2018

New Phytologist

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The Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) γb protein is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) and symptom determinant. However, it is unclear how post-translational modification affects the different functions of γb. Here, we demonstrate that γb is phosphorylated at Ser-96 by a PKA-like kinase in vivo and in vitro. Mutant viruses containing a nonphosphorylatable substitution (BSMV or BSMV ) exhibited reduced viral accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana due to transient induction of the cell death response that constrained the virus to necrotic areas. By contrast, a BSMV mutant virus that mimics γb phosphorylation spread similarly to the wild-type virus. Furthermore, the S96A mutant had reduced local and systemic γb VSR activity due to having compromised its binding activity to 21-bp dsRNA. However, overexpression of other VSRs in trans or in cis failed to rescue the necrosis induced by BSMV , demonstrating that suppression of cell death by γb phosphorylation is functionally distinct from its RNA silencing suppressor activities. These results provide new insights into the function of γb phosphorylation in regulating RNA silencing and the BSMV-induced host cell death response, and contribute to our understanding of how the virus optimizes the balance between viral replication and virus survival in the host plants during virus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley stripe mosaic virus infection requires PKA‐mediated phosphorylation of γb for suppression of both RNA silencing and the host cell death response

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2018

New Phytologist

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“…The mechanism underlying the plant response to fungal infection, and how this affects the interaction between plants and pathogens, involves a very complex regulatory network in which the generation of ROS plays an important role, including in the regulation of gene expression of PR1, chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase 37 . It has been reported that the PR4b protein has antifungal activity in pepper (Capsicum annuum), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) 38 . In tobacco, the PR4 gene was induced by overexpression of SWPA4 (a major stress-induced gene), resulting in increased H 2 O 2 production 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VvPR4b editing decreases downy mildew resistance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Jiao

Wang

et al. 2020

Hortic Res

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Downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), caused by the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most serious concerns for grape production worldwide. It has been widely reported that the pathogenesis-related 4 (PR4) protein plays important roles in plant resistance to diseases. However, little is known about the role of PR4 in the defense of grapevine against P. viticola. In this study, we engineered loss-of-function mutations in the VvPR4b gene from the cultivar "Thompson Seedless" using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluated the consequences for downy mildew resistance. Sequencing results showed that deletions were the main type of mutation introduced and that no off-target events occurred. Infection assays using leaf discs showed that, compared to wild-type plants, the VvPR4b knockout lines had increased susceptibility to P. viticola. This was accompanied by reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species around stomata. Measurement of the relative genomic abundance of P. viticola in VvPR4b knockout lines also demonstrated that the mutants had increased susceptibility to the pathogen. Our results confirm that VvPR4b plays an active role in the defense of grapevine against downy mildew.

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“…In Arabidopsis thaliana, the LRR transmembrane receptor kinase FLS2 is a pattern-recognition receptor that determines the specificity of flagellin 22 (flg22) perception [18]. A Capsicum annuum (pepper) LRR protein (CaLRR1) was reported to regulate plant cell death and defense by interacting with two pathogenesis-related proteins (CaPR10 and CaPR4b) and hypersensitive induced reaction 1 protein (CaHIR1) [19]. Another C. annuum plasma membrane LRR protein (CaLRR51) acts as a positive regulator in response to bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum infection [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) HpLRR genes in response to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection

Liu

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background: Canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a devastating disease resulting in a major loss to the pitaya industry. However, resistance proteins in plants play crucial roles to against pathogen infection. Among resistance proteins, the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein is a major family that plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, especially in disease defense. Results: In the present study, a transcriptomics analysis identified a total of 272 LRR genes, 233 of which had coding sequences (CDSs), in the plant pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in response to fungal Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection. These genes were divided into various subgroups based on specific domains and phylogenetic analysis. Molecular characterization, functional annotation of proteins, and an expression analysis of the LRR genes were conducted. Additionally, four LRR genes (CL445.Contig4_All, Unigene28_All, CL28.Contig2_All, and Unigene2712_All, which were selected because they had the four longest CDSs were further assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) at different fungal infection stages in different pitaya species (Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus), in different pitaya tissues, and after treatment with salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones. The associated protein functions and roles in signaling pathways were identified. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the HpLRR family genes at transcriptional level in pitaya in response to N. dimidiatum infection, it will be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of pitaya canker disease, and lay a strong foundation for further research.

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Functional roles of the pepper leucine-rich repeat protein and its interactions with pathogenesis-related and hypersensitive-induced proteins in plant cell death and immunity

Cited by 15 publications

References 108 publications

Barley stripe mosaic virus infection requires PKA‐mediated phosphorylation of γb for suppression of both RNA silencing and the host cell death response

Barley stripe mosaic virus infection requires PKA‐mediated phosphorylation of γb for suppression of both RNA silencing and the host cell death response

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VvPR4b editing decreases downy mildew resistance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) HpLRR genes in response to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection

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