Functional Roles of Non-coding RNAs in the Interaction Between Host and Influenza A Virus

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are extensively expressed in various cells and tissues, and studies have shown that ncRNAs play significant roles in cell regulation. However, in the past few decades, the knowledge of ncRNAs has been increased dramatically due to their transcriptional ability and multiple regulatory functions. Typically, regulatory ncRNAs include long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), miRNAs, piRNAs, Y RNAs, vault RNAs, and circular RNAs (circRNAs), etc. Previous studies have revealed that various ncRNAs are involved in the host responses to virus infection and play critical roles in the regulation of host-virus interactions. In this review, we discuss the conceptual framework and biological regulations of ncRNAs to elucidate their functions in response to viral infection, especially influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In addition, we summarize the ncRNAs that are associated with innate immunity and involvement of interferons and their stimulated genes (ISGs) during IAV infection.

CompCorona: A Web Portal for Comparative Analysis of the Host Transcriptome of PBMC and Lung SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV

“…The potential role of YTHDC2 (YTH domain-containing 2) as a mediator of m6A function in SARS-CoV-2 infection (Kamel et al, 2021) has been known in the literature. A deficiency in this gene can also be associated with spermatogenesis (Hsu et al, 2017) and lung cancer (Wang et al, 2021). Therefore, we here speculate that the down-regulation of this gene in our analysis can be linked with the male fertility problems that have been discussed as one of the SARS-CoV-2 implications (Vishvkarma and Rajender, 2020; Dutta and Sengupta, 2021; Haghpanah et al, 2021).…”

“…Over-expression of GATAD2A (GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A) has been shown to impair autophagy and promote H1N1 replication (Mo et al, 2021). Circ-GATAD2A has overexpressed in IAV H1N1 infection (Sajjad et al, 2021). GATAD2A has also been identified as a risk gene for schizophrenia in various tissues (Hoffmann and Spengler, 2019;Morris et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020).…”

First Characterization and Regulatory Function of piRNAs in the Apis mellifera Larval Response to Ascosphaera apis Invasion

“…NcRNAs have been reported to be involved in the immune response of honeybees against fungal invasion [19,44]. The role of piRNAs in the immune response of insects has been documented, particularly in their antiviral defense against RNA viruses [4,45]. However, their universality in this regard remains a subject of debate.…”

LncRNA NEAT1 Potentiates SREBP2 Activity to Promote Inflammatory Macrophage Activation and Limit Hantaan Virus Propagation

“…Recently, an increasing number of studies have proven that lncRNAs, which are transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides and without the coding protein ability, expressed by a viral host can regulate multiple immunological and metabolic pathways upon infection by acting as guides, decoys, or scaffolds ( Ren et al, 2021 ; Sajjad et al, 2021 ; Yang Q. et al, 2021 ). Type I IFN and its downstream signaling pathway components are modulated in two ways by host lncRNAs.…”