Functional roles of fish collagen peptides on bone regeneration

Abstract

Fish collagen peptides (FCP) derived from the skin, bones and scales are commercially used as a functional food or dietary supplement for hypertension and diabetes. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of FCP on the osteoblast function in contrast to evidence of the effects on wound healing, diabetes and bone regeneration, which have been obtained from animal studies. In this narrative review, we expound on the availability of FCP by basic research using osteoblasts. Low-concentration FCP upregulates the expression of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and collagen modifying enzyme-related genes. Furthermore, it could accelerate matrix mineralization. FCP may have potential utility as a biomaterial to improve collagen quality and promote mineralization through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Smad cascades. However, there are few clinical studies on bone regeneration in human subjects. It is desirable to be applied clinically through clinical study as soon as possible, based on the results from basic research.

Bioactive Peptides from Salmon Collagen: An in silico Approach

“…In parallel, peptides reported in databases with different activities were selected, as shown in Table 2 Peptide sequences were characterized in Rstudio [6], with the Peptides package [5], by initially using 71 descriptors listed below:…”

“…Collagen is a target for applications in many fields such as the cosmetic industry, food additives, tissue regeneration, bioactive peptides, etc [3][4][5][6][7][8]. In this report, we work with the reported sequences of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout collagen, doing an in silico hydrolysis with Alcalase (subtilisin) and characterizing the peptides obtained by a set of descriptors and physicochemical properties obtained with the Peptide package [5] implemented in Rstudio [6], and comparing them with other reported peptides of known activities. As a result, it is possible to classify the peptides from Salmo salar and Onchorhynchus mykiss collagen by including them in clusters of sequences related with specific activities.…”

Anatomy, 3D micro-CT and Semiquantitative Elemental Microanalysis in Common carp vertebrae (Cyprinus carpio; Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Type I collagen, predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of the vertebral bodies studied, plays a crucial role in maintaining spinal rigidity in wild sh, while its colocalization with non-aligned type II collagen adds viscoelasticity, essential for preserving exibility and range of motion during swimming. This collagen not only reinforces the spinal column by distributing compressive forces and resisting tension but also facilitates bone mineralization by serving as a substrate for calcium salt deposition, thereby increasing spinal rigidity (Yamada et al, 2021). The composition and proportion of collagen types in Common carp vertebrae have signi cant implications for both sh ecology and their nutritional value as a supplementary food source for humans and other animals.…”

“…The presence of a higher proportion of aligned collagen in the vertebral centrum suggests that this area is well-suited to withstand bending and torsional forces commonly experienced during swimming and propulsion, enhancing the stability and damage resistance of the Common carp's vertebral column, thereby maintaining its swimming performance . Furthermore, since aligned collagen is involved in regulating bone mineralization (Yamada et al, 2021), it may indicate that the centrum has enhanced mineralization capacity, potentially leading to a more rigid and mineralized bone structure. However, the precise morphofunctional implications of aligned collagen concentration and proportion in the centrum of Common carp remain unclear, as they cannot be directly extrapolated from other species due to potential variations among species and environmental conditions.…”

Research Progress on Nutritional Value, Preservation and Processing of Fish—A Review

“…Among the different parts of fish, cartilage and backbones consist of a high level of calcium phosphate, minerals and 30% proteins. Using various enzymes with a fish backbone helps to attain minerals and these minerals are utilized for feed formation with high functional properties [ 177 ].…”