“…1B) and LPS-and IFN-γ-treated microglia (data not shown). Furthermore, several studies indicated that gangliosides increase the rates of neuritogenesis both in vivo and in vitro (Ferrari et al, 1983;Mendez-Otero and Santiago, 2003;Roisen et al, 1984) and possess a neuroprotective action (Favaron et al, 1988;Geisler et al, 1991;Karpiak et al, 1990;Manev et al, 1990;Seren et al, 1990). These effects have partly been explained by the fact that GM1 induces a rapid and significant increase in the amount of NT-3, which was observed in fibroblast cells and cerebellar granule cells (Rabin et al, 2002).…”