Functional responses are maximized at intermediate temperatures

Uiterwaal, Stella F.; DeLong, John P.

doi:10.1002/ecy.2975

Cited by 82 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…However, the original methods designed for fitting functional response curves assume that the predator only has "two time-consuming behaviours -searching and handling of prey" (Holling, 1959). In this context, the "handling time" has been defined as "the time lost from searching per resource consumed," not as the ingestion time per resource consumed (Uiterwaal and Delong, 2020). Our handling time estimates (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, five data points that were excluded from the linear regression analysis and described as "distinctly separate" would have suggested a decrease in gut clearance rate at higher temperatures (Irigoien, 1998). Furthermore, recent literature shows that the temperature dependence of attack rate is unimodal, or "hump-shaped," especially when the temperature range exceeds thermal optima, and suggests that the impact of climate change on predation will depend on the thermal optima of consumers (Englund et al, 2011, Uiterwaal andDelong, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usual environmental temperatures experienced by M. albidus and M. viridis, 5 to 20°C (Laybourn-Parry et al, 1988), are expected to influence their thermal optima (Dell et al, 2011). An analysis of 2,083 functional responses demonstrated that the thermal optima of attack rate and handling time parameters often fall within the range of 15-25°C (Uiterwaal and Delong, 2020). Among 69 unimodal thermal responses of freshwater organisms, such as cyclopoid copepods, a mean optimal temperature of 21°C was observed (Dell et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size, not temperature, drives cyclopoid copepod predation of invasive mosquito larvae

Russell

Qureshi

Wilson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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32During range expansion, invasive species can experience new thermal regimes. Differences between the thermal 33 performance of local and invasive species can alter species interactions, including predator-prey interactions. 34The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a known vector of several viral diseases of public health 35 importance. It has successfully invaded many regions across the globe and currently threatens to invade regions 36 of the UK where conditions would support seasonal activity. We assessed the functional response and predation 37 efficiency of the cyclopoid copepods Macrocyclops albidus and Megacyclops viridis from South East England, 38UK against newly-hatched French Ae. albopictus larvae. First, we assessed the functional response of each 39 copepod species at 15, 20, and 25°C. We then examined the predation efficiency of both copepod species at the 40 same three temperatures, holding the density of mosquito larvae prey constant. Predator-absent controls were 41 included in all experiments to account for background prey mortality. We found that temperature was not a 42 significant driver of predator-prey interactions over temperatures likely to be experienced in UK larval mosquito 43 habitats. Both copepod species exhibited type II functional responses across all three temperature treatments and 44 there was no significant change in predation efficiency due to temperature. We did observe differences between 45 predator species. The predation efficiency of M. viridis was approximately 7.5 percentage points higher than 46 that of M. albidus. Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between the body masses of the 47 copepods and their predation efficiencies, and copepod body mass explained more of the variability in predation 48 efficiency than copepod species. The type II functional responses indicated that both M. albidus and M. viridis 49 would be suitable biocontrol agents in the event of an Ae. albopictus invasion in the UK, but our analysis of 50 predation efficiency suggests that M. viridis would be a slightly superior predator due to its larger size. More 51 research is needed to quantify how well the conditions of artificial container mosquito habitats can support the 52 long-term stability of different copepod populations. This work highlights the importance of size relationships in 53 predicting interactions between invading prey and local predators. 54 55 Keywords 56 cyclopoid copepods, predation efficiency, functional response, invasion, biocontrol, public health, range 57 expansion, vector-borne 58 59 60 61 62

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size, not temperature, drives cyclopoid copepod predation of invasive mosquito larvae

Russell

Qureshi

Wilson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Note that the 1 in the denominator is dimensionless for the same reason that time cancels out in the dimensions of interference strength c k . We have also refrained from including dimensions of area or volume in a ki or c k because they have no impact on our subsequent data analysis (but see Uiterwaal & DeLong, 2020).…”

Section: Single-resource Consumer Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden layers of density dependence in consumer feeding rates

Stouffer

Novák

2020

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Functional responses relate a consumer's feeding rates to variation in its abiotic and biotic environment, providing insight into consumer behavior and fitness, and underpinning population and food-web dynamics. Despite their broad relevance and long-standing history, we show here that the types of density dependence found in classic resource- and consumer-dependent functional-response models equate to strong and often untenable assumptions about the independence of processes underlying feeding rates. We first demonstrate mathematically how to quantify non-independence between feeding and consumer interference and between feeding on multiple resources. We then analyze two large collections of functional-response datasets to show that non-independence is pervasive and borne out in previously-hidden forms of density dependence. Our results provide a new lens through which to view variation in consumer feeding rates and disentangle the biological underpinnings of species interactions in multi-species contexts.

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“…Furthermore, for rare predators or prey it may be extremely difficult to collect enough individuals to be able to perform a standard functional response experiment at all, limiting functional response experiments to abundant species or those that can be easily reared in a laboratory. Second, a key frontier in functional response experiments is understanding how predator and prey traits influence functional responses (Vucic-Pestic, Rall, Kalinkat, & Brose, 2010;Rall et al, 2012;Kalinkat et al, 2013;Uiterwaal & DeLong, 2020). The link between morphology and behavior to the functional response is integral to understanding selection on both predator and prey, but including several levels of predator and prey traits can quickly require a number of feeding trials that renders experiments infeasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating predator functional responses using the times between prey captures

Coblentz

DeLong

2020

Preprint

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Predator functional responses, which describe how predator feeding rates change with prey densities, are a core component of predator-prey theory. Given their importance, ecologists have measured thousands of predator functional responses. However, most of these studies have used a single standard experimental method that is ill-suited to address many current, pressing questions regarding functional responses.We derive a new experimental design and statistical analysis that quantifies the parameters of predator functional responses by using the time between a predator’s feeding events and can be used with individual predators requiring only one or a few trials. We examine the feasibility of this experimental method and analysis by using simulations to examine the ability of the statistical model to estimate the ‘true’ functional response parameters from simulated data. We also perform a proof-of-concept experiment estimating the functional responses of two individual jumping spiders feeding on midges.Our simulations show that the statistical method is capable of reliably estimating functional response parameters under a wide range of parameter values and sample sizes. Our proof-of-concept experiment illustrates that the experimental design and statistical method provided reasonable estimates of functional response parameters and good fits to the data for individual jumping spiders using only a few trials per individual.By virtue of the fewer number of trials required to measure a functional response, the method derived here promises to expand the questions that can be addressed using functional response experiments and the systems for which functional responses can be measured. For example, this method is well-poised to address questions such as intraspecific variation in predator functional response parameters and the role of predator and prey traits and abiotic conditions on shaping functional responses. We hope, therefore, that this time-between-captures method will refine our understanding of functional responses and thereby our understanding of predator-prey interactions more generally.

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Functional responses are maximized at intermediate temperatures

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

Size, not temperature, drives cyclopoid copepod predation of invasive mosquito larvae

Size, not temperature, drives cyclopoid copepod predation of invasive mosquito larvae

Hidden layers of density dependence in consumer feeding rates

Estimating predator functional responses using the times between prey captures

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