Functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in health and disease

Hortobágyi, Tibor; Granacher, Urs; Fernández-del-Olmo, Miguel; Howatson, Glyn; Manca, Andrea; Deriu, Franca; Taube, Wolfgang; Grüber, Markus; Márquez, Gonzalo; Lundbye‐Jensen, Jesper; Colomer‐Poveda, David

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.019

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…The results were inconsistent, as trained vs. untrained had lower coactivation only when antagonist hamstring activation was expressed relative to agonist quadriceps activation (pooled across three speeds, eight bins) but not when using the two other referencing schemes. While coactivation is interpreted as a hallmark of neural adaptations to RT due to motor learning, [3] there is no consensus as to how RT or other interventions modify agonist-referenced agonist-antagonist coactivation. After RT interventions, agonist-referenced agonist-antagonist coactivation decreased [10][11][12], did not change [13][14][15][16] or increased [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a uniarticular exercise such as knee extension, quadriceps agonist activation dominates along with some coactivation of the antagonist hamstrings [1,2]. The repeated, forceful contractions during RT induce adaptations in the central nervous system, increasing the activation of the trained, agonist muscle when tested under high loads or resistance [3][4][5][6]. The nature and role of neural adaptation to RT in the antagonist muscle is paradoxical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Training History-Dependent Functional Role of EMG Model-Predicted Antagonist Moments in Knee Extensor Moment Generation in Healthy Young Adults

et al. 2022

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Resistance training (RT) improves the skeletal muscle’s ability to generate maximal voluntary force and is accompanied by changes in the activation of the antagonist muscle which is not targeted primarily by RT. However, the nature and role of neural adaptation to RT in the antagonist muscle is paradoxical and not well understood. We compared moments, agonist muscle activation, antagonist activation, agonist-antagonist coactivation, and electromyographic (EMG) model-predicted moments generated by antagonist hamstring muscle coactivation during isokinetic knee extension in leg strength-trained (n = 10) and untrained (n = 11) healthy, younger adults. Trained vs. untrained adults were up to 58% stronger. During knee extension, hamstring activation was 1.6-fold greater in trained vs. untrained adults (p = 0.022). This hamstring activation produced 2.6-fold greater model-predicted antagonist moments during knee extension in the trained (42.7 ± 19.55 Nm) vs. untrained group (16.4 ± 12.18 Nm; p = 0.004), which counteracted (reduced) quadriceps knee extensor moments ~43 Nm (0.54 Nm·kg−1) and by ~16 Nm (0.25 Nm·kg−1) in trained vs. untrained. Antagonist hamstring coactivation correlated with decreases and increases, respectively, in quadriceps moments in trained and untrained. The EMG model-predicted antagonist moments revealed training history-dependent functional roles in knee extensor moment generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training History-Dependent Functional Role of EMG Model-Predicted Antagonist Moments in Knee Extensor Moment Generation in Healthy Young Adults

et al. 2022

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“…Resistance training also enhances neural activation and neuroplasticity that occurs at earlier stages of training program. These changes likely explain the initial functional adaptations and subsequent strength gains following resistance training program [31]. Moreover, resistance exercise can activate the effects of neurotrophin because it can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (trkB) [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study has shown that resistance training was superior at reducing HbA1C level to aerobic training [13]. Hence, the application of resistance training can be clinically significant because of the HbA1C lowering effects, the potential to lower the prevalence and progression of DSPN [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance training improves nerve conduction and arterial stiffness in older adults with diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy: A randomized controlled trial

Gholami

Khaki

Mirzaei

et al. 2021

Experimental Gerontology

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“…Of note, a recent study with people with epilepsy has demonstrated that a combined aerobic and strength exercise program promoted beneficial effects on cognition (7). Although information concerning these beneficial effects has been observed after epilepsy has been established and considering the positive neuroplastic changes of exercise in animal (63,79) and human studies (80,81), previous strength exercise might also exert positive effects before brain insult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Previous Physical Exercise Program to Reduce Seizure Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

et al. 2021

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Background: Clinical and pre-clinical studies indicate a reduction in seizure frequency as well as a decrease in susceptibility to subsequently evoked seizures after physical exercise programs. In contrast to the influence of exercise after epilepsy previously established, various studies have been conducted attempting to investigate whether physical activity reduces brain susceptibility to seizures or prevents epilepsy. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of different animal models that addressed the impact of previous physical exercise programs to reduce seizure susceptibility.Methods: We included animal model (rats and mice) studies before brain insult that reported physical exercise programs compared with other interventions (sham, control, or naïve). We excluded studies that investigated animal models after brain insult, associated with supplement nutrition or drugs, that did not address epilepsy or seizure susceptibility, ex vivo studies, in vitro studies, studies in humans, or in silico studies. Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, and gray literature, without restrictions to the year or language of publication. We used SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and CAMARADES checklist for study quality. We performed a synthesis of results for different types of exercise and susceptibility to seizures by random-effects meta-analysis.Results: Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis (543 animals), 13 of them used male animals, and Wistar rats were the most commonly studied species used in the studies (355 animals). The chemoconvulsants used in the selected studies were pentylenetetrazol, penicillin, kainic acid, pilocarpine, and homocysteine. We assessed the impact of study design characteristics and the reporting of mitigations to reduce the risk of bias. We calculated a standardized mean difference effect size for each comparison and performed a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included behavioral analysis (latency to seizure onset, n = 6 and intensity of motor signals, n = 3) and electrophysiological analysis (spikes/min, n = 4, and amplitude, n = 6). The overall effect size observed in physical exercise compared to controls for latency to seizure onset was −130.98 [95% CI: −203.47, −58.49] (seconds) and the intensity of motor signals was −0.40 [95% CI: −1.19, 0.40] (on a scale from 0 to 5). The largest effects were observed in electrophysiological analysis for spikes/min with −26.96 [95% CI: −39.56, −14.36], and for spike amplitude (μV) with −282.64 [95% CI: −466.81, −98.47].Discussion:Limitations of evidence. A higher number of animal models should be employed for analyzing the influence of exerciseon seizure susceptibility. The high heterogeneity in our meta-analysis is attributable to various factors, including the number of animals used in each study and the limited number of similar studies. Interpretation. Studies selected in this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that previous physical exercise programs can reduce some of the main features related to seizure susceptibility [latency seizure onset, spikes/min, and spike amplitude (μV)] induced by the administration of different chemoconvulsants.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021251949; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=251949.

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Functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in health and disease

Cited by 44 publications

References 198 publications

Training History-Dependent Functional Role of EMG Model-Predicted Antagonist Moments in Knee Extensor Moment Generation in Healthy Young Adults

Training History-Dependent Functional Role of EMG Model-Predicted Antagonist Moments in Knee Extensor Moment Generation in Healthy Young Adults

Resistance training improves nerve conduction and arterial stiffness in older adults with diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy: A randomized controlled trial

The Potential Role of Previous Physical Exercise Program to Reduce Seizure Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

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