Functional reassembly of membrane proteins in planar lipid bilayers

Montal, Mauricio; Darszon, Alberto; Schindler, Hansgeorg

doi:10.1017/s0033583500002079

Cited by 116 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…As to the light-induced rise of Ca 2+ permeability of a rhodopsin-containing membrane, it is apparently very rapid. In our experiments on photoreceptor discs incorporated into a collodion film [2], we not only confirmed observations on the light-dependent increase in disc membrane permeability [24,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] but also revealed that such an effect requires < 50 ms. (A faster measurement is impossible because of a conductivity increase due to operation of rhodopsin as a photogenerator of much lower internal resistance than that of the disc membrane. )…”

Section: The 'Dualistic' Schemesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…One cannot rule out that the Ca 2+ pathway does not reach the Na + channel, and the role of Ca 2+ in vision is confined to their effect on the cGMP system (e.g., [7,43]). In this case, however, more than one step of amplification seems to be involved in the Ca 2+ pathway, so that a stimulus and the response prove to be separated by a lagphase [41].…”

Section: Interrelations Of Fast and Slow Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dual role of rhodopsin in vision: light‐driven charge translocation and formation of long‐lived photoproducts

Skulachev

1982

FEBS Letters

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Section: The 'Dualistic' Schemesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Interrelations Of Fast and Slow Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual role of rhodopsin in vision: light‐driven charge translocation and formation of long‐lived photoproducts

Skulachev

1982

FEBS Letters

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“…Thus, in the monograph published in 1975, the catalytic activity of enzymes in aqueous surfactant solutions is discussed only in a small chapter [104], and in the monograph published seven years later [64] this topic was totally omitted. Such a strange situation can be easily explained by the fact that many of anzymologists consider surfactants to be merely denaturing agents [3, 93, 112, 1131. Actually, the interaction between surfactants and proteins in aqueous solutions can be rather specific [110, 116- [57]). …”

Section: Micellar (Pseudohomogeneous) Models Of Biological Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micellar enzymology

Martínek

Levashov

Klyachko

et al. 1986

European Journal of Biochemistry

547

248

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Experimental approaches to modelling the enzymatic function of biological membranes are discussed. Emphasis is given to pseudohomogeneous systems such as proteolipid complexes and enzymes in organic solvents; the latter are solubilized with phospholipids or synthetic surfactants. Methods for producing and studying such micellar systems are considered. The key research problems of micellar enzymology are formulated and its relation to enzyme membranology is discussed. Finally, the new potentialities are noted of applied enzymology (biotechnology) offered by application of a colloidal solution of water in organic solvents as a microheterogeneous medium for enzymatic reactions.Until now the development of molecular enzymology has been mainly directed to studying free enzymes [l -41. In other words, the most valuable experiments aimed at elucidating the structure of catalytic centers and the physico-chemical mechanisms of biocatalysis were successful only with the enzymes isolated from the living cells in quite a pure form. However, such 'pure' experiments, as was noted time and again [5], naturally raise the question as to whether the enzyme properties observed in vitro can be correlated adequately with the conditions of its functioning in vivo. Such a doubt is quite equitable since it became clear [6 -91 that the subcellular structure and the compartmentalization of enzymes play the most important role in metabolism regulation.Thus, the essence of the contradiction is that in vitro studies of enzymes are usually conducted in water (buffer). However, in the living cell, enzymes mostly act on or near the 'water/ organic medium' interface. For instance, many enzymes, if not the majority, are located on the surface of biological membranes or inside them [lo-161. Other enzymes function in mobile complexes with macromolecular components of the cell, e.g. with proteins or polysaccharides [14 -161. Generally speaking, the boundary between 'bound' and 'diffusion-free' enzymes is rather conventional, and such a classification is more methodical (depending on the ease of the enzyme isolation) than functional (the enzyme localization in the cell) [16]. The problem is that many of the enzymes bind to the membrane surface loosely and the degree of their binding depends on the concentration of metabolites [14-191. The physiological state of the cell determines not only the adsorption of some enzymes but their possible translocation through membranes [20,21]. In the adsorbed state in vivo (on the enterocyte brushborder) extracellular enzymes were found as well, such as proteases of the digestive tract, namely trypsin and a-chymotrypsin [22, 231, which up to now have remained model subjects of the classical 'in-water' enzymology.Finally, a few words about the medium in which diffusionfree enzymes function in the cell (for a review see [24]). It is not very clear why macromolecules (immunoglobulins and albumin) injected into the living cell diffuse so slowly (as in a 60% sucrose solution) [25]. The comparison of the diffusion rat...

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“…BLMs may also be formed at the end of conventional patch-clamp pipettes [201][202][203] with tip diameters in the range 0.5-5 mm either with or without fire polishing [197,[204][205][206]. With this so-called tip-dip technique, the tip of the pipette is immersed in the desired experimental solution in a compartment of a multi-well disposable tray, and a phospholipid monolayer is formed at the air-water interface.…”

Section: Planar Lipid Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic interfaces based on S-layer proteins, lipid membranes and functional biomolecules

Schuster

Sleytr

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Designing and utilization of biomimetic membrane systems generated by bottom-up processes is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field. Elucidation of the supramolecular construction principle of archaeal cell envelopes composed of S-layer stabilized lipid membranes led to new strategies for generating highly stable functional lipid membranes at mesoand macroscopic scale. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art survey of how S-layer proteins, lipids and polymers may be used as basic building blocks for the assembly of S-layer-supported lipid membranes. These biomimetic membrane systems are distinguished by a nanopatterned fluidity, enhanced stability and longevity and, thus, provide a dedicated reconstitution matrix for membrane-active peptides and transmembrane proteins. Exciting areas in the (lab-on-a-) biochip technology are combining composite S-layer membrane systems involving specific membrane functions with the silicon world. Thus, it might become possible to create artificial noses or tongues, where many receptor proteins have to be exposed and read out simultaneously. Moreover, S-layer-coated liposomes and emulsomes copying virus envelopes constitute promising nanoformulations for the production of novel targeting, delivery, encapsulation and imaging systems.

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Functional reassembly of membrane proteins in planar lipid bilayers

Cited by 116 publications

References 213 publications

The dual role of rhodopsin in vision: light‐driven charge translocation and formation of long‐lived photoproducts

The dual role of rhodopsin in vision: light‐driven charge translocation and formation of long‐lived photoproducts

Micellar enzymology

Biomimetic interfaces based on S-layer proteins, lipid membranes and functional biomolecules

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