Abstract:Plants are the major sources of food and medicine for humans. Streblus asper Lour is a small tree belonging to the Moraceae family and is commonly found in tropical countries. S. asper plant is used in several folk medicines, especially Ayurveda and Siddha, to treat several diseases and disorders. This review summarizes the medicinal and economical properties of this medicinal plant. Scientific literature dealing with S. asper was collected from scientific databases without any year limit and was included in t… Show more
Scope: Nitrate and nitrite are approved food additives in some animal-based food products. However, nitrate and nitrite in foods are strictly regulated due to health concerns over methaemoglobinaemia and the potential formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. In contrast, plants (like leafy vegetables) naturally accumulate nitrate ions; a growing body of research reveals beneficial metabolic effects of nitrate via its endogenous conversion to nitric oxide. To refine the association of dietary nitrate and nitrite intake with health outcomes, reliable measures of nitrate and nitrite intake from dietary food records are required. While a vegetable nitrate content database has been developed, there is a need for a comprehensive up-to-date nitrate and nitrite content database of animal-based foods.
Methods and Results: A systematic literature search (1980-September 2020) on the nitrate and nitrite content of animal-based foods is carried out. Nitrate and nitrite concentration data and other relevant information are extracted and compiled into a database. The database contains 1921 entries for nitrate and 2077 for nitrite, extracted from 193 publications. The highest median nitrate content is observed in chorizo (median [IQR]; 101.61 [60.05-105.93] mg kg -1 ). Canned fish products have the highest median nitrite level (median [IQR]; 20.32 [6.16-30.16] mg kg -1). By subgroup, the median nitrate value in industrial processed meat products (e.g., uncured burger, patties and sausages), whole milk powder and in particular red meat are higher than cured meat products. Processed meat products from high-income regions have lower median nitrate and nitrite content than those of middle-income regions. Conclusion: This database can now be used to investigate the associations between nitrate and nitrite dietary intake and health outcomes in clinical trials and observational studies.
Scope: Nitrate and nitrite are approved food additives in some animal-based food products. However, nitrate and nitrite in foods are strictly regulated due to health concerns over methaemoglobinaemia and the potential formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. In contrast, plants (like leafy vegetables) naturally accumulate nitrate ions; a growing body of research reveals beneficial metabolic effects of nitrate via its endogenous conversion to nitric oxide. To refine the association of dietary nitrate and nitrite intake with health outcomes, reliable measures of nitrate and nitrite intake from dietary food records are required. While a vegetable nitrate content database has been developed, there is a need for a comprehensive up-to-date nitrate and nitrite content database of animal-based foods.
Methods and Results: A systematic literature search (1980-September 2020) on the nitrate and nitrite content of animal-based foods is carried out. Nitrate and nitrite concentration data and other relevant information are extracted and compiled into a database. The database contains 1921 entries for nitrate and 2077 for nitrite, extracted from 193 publications. The highest median nitrate content is observed in chorizo (median [IQR]; 101.61 [60.05-105.93] mg kg -1 ). Canned fish products have the highest median nitrite level (median [IQR]; 20.32 [6.16-30.16] mg kg -1). By subgroup, the median nitrate value in industrial processed meat products (e.g., uncured burger, patties and sausages), whole milk powder and in particular red meat are higher than cured meat products. Processed meat products from high-income regions have lower median nitrate and nitrite content than those of middle-income regions. Conclusion: This database can now be used to investigate the associations between nitrate and nitrite dietary intake and health outcomes in clinical trials and observational studies.
“…Folklore medicine also claims that stem bark can heal diseases like cancer, ulcers, diarrhoea, dysentery, toothaches, etc 8 . The stem bark is reported to be effective against lymphoderma, chyluria, and other manifestations of filariasis 9,10 and is useful in foul ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery, inflammations and fever 11 . Various extracts of Streblus asper have been shown to possess antiparasitic and antimicrobial action 12,13 .…”
Isolation of plant-based pesticides gaining recent interest due to the clastogenic implications of synthetic insecticides. The polyphenolic-rich fraction from the stem bark of Streblus asper was proven as an insecticide against Dysdercus cingulatus. This study aims to evaluate the genotoxicity of polyphenolic bioinsecticide from Streblus asper (PBSA) using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay and compare its effect with malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide, and vepacide, a neem-based bioinsecticide. The micronucleus assay was conducted after 24 and 48 hours after the second administration of the pesticides (two doses by i.p. injection for two consecutive days). Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups, each comprising six animals. The first group received dimethyl sulphoxide (Group I -DMSO control), the second group (Group II -positive control) received 100mg cyclophosphamide/ Kg body weight, Group III received 276mg (LD 10 ) malathion/ Kg body weight and Group IV received 1000mg (LD 10 ) vepacide/ Kg body weight. Group V and VI received 500 and 1000mg polyphenolic-rich fraction (PBSA)/ Kg body weight respectively. A significantly higher frequency of micronuclei was observed in malathion and vepacide administered animals when compared to the DMSO control group whereas in the case of PBSA, no significant micronuclei formation was observed. The study concluded that polyphenolic rich fraction (PBSA) fails to influence the induction of micronuclei by proving that it has no cytogenetic toxic potential.
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