“…Matrigel is also the predominant ECM utilized for more recently developed hPSC-derived brain organoids, , where the ECM scaffold supports the self-organization of the neuroepithelium to induce neuroepithelial buds and facilitates growth by providing a physical structure for the cells to attach and grow . Other natural and synthetic materials have been developed for extended culture of hPSC-derived neural progenitor cells, (NPCs), neurons, and organoids, including silk, collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid (HA), elastin-like peptides, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). ,− As these materials all allow for diffusion of essential nutrients and morphogens throughout the tissue constructs, they can be used to maintain NPCs and neuronal cultures for extended studies of differentiation and maturation, including axon formation, growth, and pruning. ,, Additionally, these platforms have demonstrated utility for assessing disease phenotypes when the hPSCs are sourced from patients that harbor genetic risk factors for each disorder. , …”