“…In our meta-analysis we found that retaliatory behaviors were mainly characterized by activation in the dorsal striatum and primary somatosensory cortex (SI, BA3 encompassing the hand network of the left hemisphere), as well as bilateral FIC and aMCC/pre-SMA. Through projections from these regions to the caudate nucleus ((Haber, 2016; Haber & Knutson, 2010; Leh, Ptito, Chakravarty, & Strafella, 2007; Xiaojin Liu et al, 2021), behavioral responses to frustration are likely to arise. Indeed, the dorsal striatum has been implicated in several goal-directed decision making and action selection and initiation (Balleine, Delgado, & Hikosaka, 2007; Haber & Knutson, 2010; O’Doherty et al, 2004).…”