Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system

Dampney, R.A.L.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1994.74.2.323

Cited by 1,490 publications

(1,360 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…One such mechanism may involve acute changes in the operating characteristics of the baroreflex 1, 13, 48, 53. The baroreflex is a homeostatic control mechanism that constrains variability in BP on a beat‐to‐beat basis by adjusting parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow to the heart and vasculature by viscerosensory and visceromotor pathways that are subject to influence by areas within the forebrain, midbrain, and brainstem 11. The autonomic adjustments that are induced by transient increases or decreases in BP lead to compensatory changes in HR, cardiac contractility, and vasoconstriction to alter subsequent levels of BP toward a homeostatic set point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

Gianaros

Sheu

Uyar

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundIndividuals who exhibit large‐magnitude blood pressure (BP) reactions to acute psychological stressors are at risk for hypertension and premature death by cardiovascular disease. This study tested whether a multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked brain activity could reliably predict individual differences in BP reactivity, providing novel evidence for a candidate neurophysiological source of stress‐related cardiovascular risk.Methods and ResultsCommunity‐dwelling adults (N=310; 30–51 years; 153 women) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with concurrent BP monitoring while completing a standardized battery of stressor tasks. Across individuals, the battery evoked an increase systolic and diastolic BP relative to a nonstressor baseline period (M ∆systolic BP/∆diastolic BP=4.3/1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval=3.7–5.0/1.4–2.3 mm Hg]). Using cross‐validation and machine learning approaches, including dimensionality reduction and linear shrinkage models, a multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging activity was identified in a training subsample (N=206). This multivariate pattern reliably predicted both systolic BP (r=0.32; P<0.005) and diastolic BP (r=0.25; P<0.01) reactivity in an independent subsample used for testing and replication (N=104). Brain areas encompassed by the pattern that were strongly predictive included those implicated in psychological stressor processing and cardiovascular responding through autonomic pathways, including the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula.ConclusionsA novel multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked brain activity may comprise a phenotype that partly accounts for individual differences in BP reactivity, a stress‐related cardiovascular risk factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These autonomic changes are generated and regulated by evolutionarily conserved brain areas 9, 10, 11. Collectively, these areas are referred to as a “central autonomic network” or, more inclusively, as brain areas for visceral control 12, 13, 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

Gianaros

Sheu

Uyar

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Since evidence from previous studies suggested that disinhibiting the DMH elicits cardioexcitatory responses by mobilizing sympathetic outflow (see review (DiMicco et al, 2002)) and resetting the sensitivity of the baroreflex, which is parasympathetically mediated (see review McDowall et al, 2006), we hypothesized that disinhibition of the DMH/PeF alters lactate-induced behavioral, respiratory, and cardiovascular responses through efferent targets involved in central sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic control (Dampney, 1994;Thompson and Swanson, 1998;Fontes et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Pathways Underlying Lactate-Induced Panic

Johnson

Truitt

Fitz

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by susceptibility to induction of panic attacks by subthreshold interoceptive stimuli such as 0.5 M sodium lactate infusions. Although studied for four decades, the mechanism of lactate sensitivity in panic disorder has not been understood. The dorsomedial hypothalamus/perifornical region (DMH/PeF) coordinates rapid mobilization of behavioral, autonomic, respiratory and endocrine responses to stress, and rats with disrupted GABA inhibition in the DMH/PeF exhibit panic-like responses to lactate, similar to panic disorder patients. Utilizing a variety of anatomical and pharmacological methods, we provide evidence that lactate, via osmosensitive periventricular pathways, activates neurons in the compromised DMH/PeF, which relays this signal to forebrain limbic structures such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to mediate anxiety responses, and specific brainstem sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways to mediate the respiratory and cardiovascular components of the panic-like response. Acutely restoring local GABAergic tone in the DMH/PeF blocked lactate-induced panic-like responses. Autonomic panic-like responses appear to be a result of DMH/PeF-mediated mobilization of sympathetic responses (verified with atenolol) and resetting of the parasympathetically mediated baroreflex. Based on our findings, DMH/PeF efferent targets such as the C1 adrenergic neurons, paraventricular hypothalamus, and the central amygdala are implicated in sympathetic mobilization; the nucleus of the solitary tract is implicated in baroreflex resetting; and the parabrachial nucleus is implicated in respiratory responses. These results elucidate neural circuits underlying lactate-induced panic-like responses and the involvement of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

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“…These two regions control cardiovascular function by regulating autonomic activity (Dampney, 1994). The c-Fos gene has been widely used to identify neuronal activation (Guo and Longhurst, 2003;Morgen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of c-Fos in arcuate nucleus induced by electroacupuncture: Relations to neurons containing opioids and glutamate

Guo

Longhurst

2007

Brain Research

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Electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan-Jianshi acupoints (P5-P6, overlying the median nerve) attenuates sympathoexcitatory reflexes probably through affecting the opioid system. The arcuate nucleus (ARC) within hypothalamus is an important brain area that produces opioid peptides. Current physiological studies have demonstrated that the predominant response to EA is excitation in the ARC and that excitatory projections from the ARC to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray during EA at P5-P6 contribute to inhibition of sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflexes. These data imply that ARC neurons activated by EA also may contain excitatory neurotransmitters. Thus, the present study evaluated activation of the ARC induced by EA at P5-P6, in relation to the opioid system and glutamate, by detecting c-Fos, an immediate early gene, opioid peptides and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3). To enhance detection of perikarya containing the opioid peptides, colchicine (90-100 µg/kg) was administered in cats 28-30 hours before EA or the sham-operated control. EA was performed at P5-P6 for 30 min. Compared to controls (n=5), c-Fos positive cells and neurons double-labeled with c-Fos and β-endorphin, enkephalin or VGLUT3 in the ARC were significantly increased in EA-treated cats (n=6; all P<0.05). Moreover, neurons triple-labeled with c-Fos, β-endorphin and VGLUT3 were noted in this region following EA stimulation, but not in controls. Thus, EA at P5-P6 activates neurons in the ARC, some of which contain opioids as well as glutamate or both. The results imply that EA at P5-P6 has the potential to influence ARC neurons containing multiple neuronal substances that subsequently modulate cardiovascular function.

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Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system

Abstract: tensin II receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme in the medulla oblongata.Hypertension

Cited by 1,490 publications

References 134 publications

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

Neural Pathways Underlying Lactate-Induced Panic

Expression of c-Fos in arcuate nucleus induced by electroacupuncture: Relations to neurons containing opioids and glutamate

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