Functional neuroimaging using UWB impulse radar: A feasibility study

Lauteslager, Timo; Nicolaou, Nicoletta; Lande, Tor Sverre; Constandinou, Timothy G.

doi:10.1109/biocas.2015.7348387

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…FOR BRAIN ACTIVITIES MONITORING The underlying hypothesis of functional microwave imaging for brain activities monitoring is that, by detecting local changes in blood volume inside the brain precisely enough, we can indicate which parts of the brain's regions are activated when performing various tasks such as moving various muscles, making decisions, experiencing emotions and others [11]. Fig.…”

Section: M-sequence Based Mimo Radar Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Short-Range Sensing Approach using MIMO Radar for Brain Activities Monitoring

Ojaroudi

Bila

2020

2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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This paper presents a new concept of functional microwave imaging using m-sequence multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) radar as a non-ionizing application of functional brain imaging. The underlying hypothesis is that, if we can detect local changes in blood volume inside the brain precisely enough, we can infer which parts of the brain are activated when performing various tasks. In this point of view, the main challenge in terms of MIMO radar framework is multi-target localization based on time of arrival (TOA) results. For this purpose, we present a multi-lateral localization approach in collocated MIMO-radar to detect single target inside brain medium. A system concept is introduced, and results from simulations using a simplified physical model are presented. To validate this, we focus on the waveform diversity and signaling strategies options for short range sensing. Simulated results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for precisely calculating the time-dependent location of target.

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Section: M-sequence Based Mimo Radar Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Short-Range Sensing Approach using MIMO Radar for Brain Activities Monitoring

Ojaroudi

Bila

2020

2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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“…Across the MWI community, theoretical models rely on dielectric characterization and modeling by Gabriel et al [22]. A simple linear transmission model (proposed in [23] and described in [24]) can be used to illustrate the RF/tissue interactions, and provide insight into propagation velocity and attenuation through different tissues, as well as expected contrast between tissue boundaries and thus expected signal strength. Here, the scalp is used as an example anatomy, because it demonstrates EM signal propagation through a wide variety of tissues, and brain imaging may be of interest for various applications.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of In-body Radar Sensing and Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trajectory of interest, caused by a layer of blood, is plotted in black.Figs. (a)and (b) modified from[24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent UWB Radar-on-Chip for In-Body Measurement of Cardiovascular Dynamics

Lauteslager

Tømmer

Lande

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Coherent ultra-wideband (UWB) radar-on-chip technology shows great promise for developing portable and low-cost medical imaging and monitoring devices. Particularly monitoring the mechanical functioning of the cardiovascular system is of interest, due to the ability of radar systems to track sub-mm motion inside the body at a high speed. For imaging applications, UWB radar systems are required, but there are still significant challenges with in-body sensing using lowpower microwave equipment and wideband signals. Recently it was shown for the first time, on a single subject, that the arterial pulse wave can be measured at various locations in the body, using coherent UWB radar-on-chip technology. The current work provides more substantial evidence, in the form of new measurements and improved methods, to demonstrate that cardiovascular dynamics can be measured using radar-on-chip. Results across four participants were found to be robust and repeatable. Cardiovascular signals were recorded using radaron-chip systems and electrocardiography (ECG). Through ECGaligned averaging, the arterial pulse wave could be measured at a number of locations in the body. Pulse arrival time could be determined with high precision, and blood pressure pulse wave propagation through different arteries was demonstrated. In addition, cardiac dynamics were measured from the chest. This work serves as a first step in developing a portable and low-cost device for long-term monitoring of the cardiovascular system, and provides the fundamentals necessary for developing UWB radar-on-chip imaging systems.

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“…Or as metal/conductor detection for land-mines, re-bars in concrete or archaeological surveys. The same Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) imaging techniques can also be applied to the human body, for breastcancer detection [BBGN12] and even brain-imaging [TKL16,LNLC15].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UWB waveform generator for digital CMOS radar

Bjorndal

Hamran

Lande³

2015

2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Small, low cost, radar systems have exciting applications in monitoring and imaging for the industrial, healthcare and Internet of Things (IoT) sectors. We here explore, and show the feasibility of, several single bit square wave radar architectures; that benefits from the continuous improvement in digital technologies for system-on-chip digital integration. By analysis, simulation and measurements we explore novel and harmonic-rich continuous wave (CW), stepped-frequency CW (SFCW) and frequency-modulated CW (FMCW) architectures, where harmonics can not only be suppressed but even utilized for improvements in down-range resolution without increasing on airbandwidth. In addition, due to the flexible digital CMOS implementation, the system is proved by measurement, to feasibly implement pseudo-random noise-sequence and pulsed radars, simply by swapping out the digital baseband processing. Single bit quantization is explored in detail, showing the benefits of simple implementation, the feasibility of continuous time design and only slightly degraded signal quality in noisy environments compared to an idealized analog system. Several iterations of a proof-of-concept 90 nm CMOS chip is developed, achieving a time resolution of 65 ps at nominal 1.2 V supply with a novel Digital-to-Time converter architecture. In pulsed mode, the chip features programmable pulses with a minimum width of 130 ps and a time step of 65 ps. In CW mode, we can transmit arbitrary signals up to 3.8 GHz all the way down to DC. With a continuous time single bit receiver, the backscattered signal can be mixed with the on-chip XOR gate and integrated with the on-chip counters, to provide a system-on-chip CW platform.iii

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Functional neuroimaging using UWB impulse radar: A feasibility study

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Dynamic Short-Range Sensing Approach using MIMO Radar for Brain Activities Monitoring

Dynamic Short-Range Sensing Approach using MIMO Radar for Brain Activities Monitoring

Coherent UWB Radar-on-Chip for In-Body Measurement of Cardiovascular Dynamics

UWB waveform generator for digital CMOS radar

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