Functional neuroimaging of the baboon during concurrent image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation

Salinas, F.; Szabó, C. Ákos; Zhang, Wei; Jones, Lisa; Leland, M. Michelle; Wey, Hsiao Ying; Duong, Timothy Q.; Fox, Peter T.; Narayana, Shalini

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.065

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Consistent with this principle, 5 Hz and 10 Hz TMS applied to the primary motor cortex has demonstrated increased neuronal excitability (Peinemann et al, 2004; Ragert et al, 2003), and improved motor performance (Kim et al, 2004; Pascual-Leone et al, 1999; Siebner et al, 2000; Yoo et al, 2008). In order to identify the optimal rate to drive the motor cortex our group used a TMS/PET baboon model (Salinas et al, 2011) to investigate the rate of TMS needed to optimally stimulate the motor cortex. Cerebral blood flow was measured during 3 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 15 Hz TMS applied to M1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent TMS to the primary motor cortex augments slow motor learning

et al. 2014

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown promise as a treatment tool, with one FDA approved use. While TMS alone is able to up- (or down-) regulate a targeted neural system, we argue that TMS applied as an adjuvant is more effective for repetitive physical, behavioral and cognitive therapies, that is, therapies which are designed to alter the network properties of neural systems through Hebbian learning. We tested this hypothesis in the context of a slow motor learning paradigm. Healthy right-handed individuals were assigned to receive 5 Hz TMS (TMS group) or sham TMS (sham group) to the right primary motor cortex (M1) as they performed daily motor practice of a digit sequence task with their non-dominant hand for 4 weeks. Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by normalH215O PET at baseline and after 4 weeks of practice. Sequence performance was measured daily as the number of correct sequences performed, and modeled using a hyperbolic function. Sequence performance increased significantly at 4 weeks relative to baseline in both groups. The TMS group had a significant additional improvement in performance, specifically, in the rate of skill acquisition. In both groups, an improvement in sequence timing and transfer of skills to non-trained motor domains was also found. Compared to the sham group, the TMS group demonstrated increases in resting CBF specifically in regions known to mediate skill learning namely, the M1, cingulate cortex, putamen, hippocampus, and cerebellum. These results indicate that TMS applied concomitantly augments behavioral effects of motor practice, with corresponding neural plasticity in motor sequence learning network. These findings are the first demonstration of the behavioral and neural enhancing effects of TMS on slow motor practice and have direct application in neurorehabilitation where TMS could be applied in conjunction with physical therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent TMS to the primary motor cortex augments slow motor learning

et al. 2014

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“…The baboon brain also has a larger degree of gyrification (folding) than other Old World monkeys and contains all the primary cortical structures found in humans (Rogers et al, 2010). Accordingly, the baboon model has been used in numerous structural and functional neuroimaging experiments (e.g., Kochunov et al, 2010aKochunov et al, , 2010bKroenke et al, 2005Kroenke et al, , 2007Liu et al, 2008;Miller et al, 2013;Phillips and Kochunov, 2011;Phillips et al, 2012;Rogers et al, 2007;Salinas et al, 2011;Szabo et al, 2007Szabo et al, , 2011aSzabo et al, , 2011bWey et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The average baboon brain: MRI templates and tissue probability maps from 89 individuals

et al. 2016

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The baboon (Papio) brain is a remarkable model for investigating the brain. The current work aimed at creating a population-average baboon (Papio anubis) brain template and its left/right hemisphere symmetric version from a large sample of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images collected from 89 individuals. Averaging the prior probability maps output during the segmentation of each individual also produced the first baboon brain tissue probability maps for gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The templates and the tissue probability maps were created using state-of-the-art, freely available software tools and are being made freely and publicly available: http://www.nitrc.org/projects/haiko89/ or http://lpc.univ-amu.fr/spip.php?article589. It is hoped that these images will aid neuroimaging research of the baboon by, for example, providing a modern, high quality normalization target and accompanying standardized coordinate system as well as probabilistic priors that can be used during tissue segmentation.

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“…> 1 Hz) will produce excitatory brain activity in all nodes of the targeted brain network. In this study, we extend our previous results 8,9 by investigating the effective connectivity of the baboon’s motor network—at different rTMS frequencies—to determine if 5 Hz rTMS is the optimal frequency for stimulation of all of the nodes within the motor network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…11 The data acquired in these five animals was used in prior publications 8,9 ; the results from these prior publications were reanalyzed in this study to assess the effective connectivity of the baboon’s motor network. Each animal was pre-screened—using electroencephalography 12 —to ensure that only animals with no neurological deficits were enrolled in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Educes Frequency-Specific Causal Relationships in the Motor Network

et al. 2016

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Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has the potential to treat brain disorders by modulating the activity of disease-specific brain networks, yet the rTMS frequencies used are delivered in a binary fashion—excitatory (> 1 Hz) and inhibitory (≤1 Hz). Objective To assess the effective connectivity of the motor network at different rTMS stimulation rates during positron-emission tomography (PET) and confirm that not all excitatory rTMS frequencies act on the motor network in the same manner. Methods We delivered image-guided, supra-threshold rTMS at 3 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 15 Hz and rest (in separate randomized sessions) to the primary motor cortex (M1) of the lightly anesthetized baboon during PET imaging. Each rTMS/PET session was analyzed using normalized cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements. Path analysis—using structural equation modeling (SEM)—was employed to determine the effective connectivity of the motor network at all rTMS frequencies. Once determined, the final model of the motor network was used to assess any differences in effective connectivity at each rTMS frequency. Results The exploratory SEM produced a very well fitting final network model (χ2 = 18.04, df = 21, RMSEA = 0.000, p = 0.647, TLI = 1.12) using seven nodes of the motor network. 5 Hz rTMS produced the strongest path coefficients in four of the seven connections, suggesting that this frequency is the optimal rTMS frequency for stimulation the motor network (as a whole), however, the premotor → cerebellum connection was optimally stimulated at 10 Hz rTMS and the supplementary motor area → caudate connection was optimally driven at 15 Hz rTMS. Conclusion(s) We have demonstrated that 1) 5 Hz rTMS revealed the strongest path coefficients (i.e. causal influence) on the nodes of the motor network, 2) stimulation at “excitatory” rTMS frequencies did not produce increased CBF in all nodes of the motor network, 3) specific rTMS frequencies may be used to target specific none-to-node interactions in the stimulated brain network, and 4) more research needs to be performed to determine the optimum frequency for each brain circuit and/or node.

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Functional neuroimaging of the baboon during concurrent image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

Concurrent TMS to the primary motor cortex augments slow motor learning

Concurrent TMS to the primary motor cortex augments slow motor learning

The average baboon brain: MRI templates and tissue probability maps from 89 individuals

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Educes Frequency-Specific Causal Relationships in the Motor Network

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