Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with electroencephalography of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space – a chronic stroke study

Abstract

Abstract-Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) can facilitate motor learning; however, ctDCS effects have not been investigated using portable neuroimaging vis-à-vis lobular electric field strength. This is important since the subjectspecific residual architecture for cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), can influence the ctDCS effects on the cerebral functional activation. In this study, we investigated functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the changes in the brain activation at the PFC and the SMC following virtual reality (VR)-based Balance Training (VBaT), before and after ctDCS treatment in 12 hemiparetic chronic stroke survivors. Furthermore, we performed general linear modeling (GLM) that can putatively associate the lobular electric field strength due to ctDCS priming with the changes in the fNIRS-EEG measures in the chronic stroke survivors. Here, fNIRS-EEG based measures were investigated in their latent space found using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) that is postulated to capture neurovascular coupling. We found that the ctDCS electrode montage, as well as the state (pre-intervention, during intervention, post-intervention), had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the changes in the canonical scores of oxy-hemoglobin (O2Hb) signal measured with fNIRS. Also, skill acquisition during first exposure to VBaT decreased the activation (canonical score of O2Hb) of PFC of the non-lesioned hemisphere in the novices at their first exposure before the ctDCS intervention. Moreover, ctDCS intervention targeting the leg representation in the cerebellum led to a decrease in the canonical scores of O2Hb at the lesioned SMC, which is postulated to be related to the cerebellar brain inhibition. Furthermore, ctDCS electrode montage, as well as the state, had a significant (p<0.05) interaction effect on the canonical scores of log10-transformed EEG bandpower. Our current study showed the feasibility of fNIRS-EEG imaging of the ctDCS responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space that can not only be used for monitoring the dynamical changes in the brain activation associated with ctDCS-facilitated VBaT, but may also be useful in subject-specific current steering for tDCS to target the cerebral fNIRS-EEG sources to reduce inter-individual variability.Index Terms-Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation, balance training, virtual reality, portable neuroimaging, chronic stroke.Zeynab Rezaee (equal first), Shashi Ranjan (equal first), Dhaval Solanki, Mahasweta Bhattacharya, MV Padma Srivastava, Uttama Lahiri (equal last), and Anirban Dutta (equal last)

Investigating the Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Post-Stroke Overground Gait Performance: a partial least-squares regression approach

“…We postulate based on cerebellar ataxia studies [48] that ctDCS may also be feasible in some cases of cerebellar damage. Here, besides neuroimaging guided subject-speci c head modeling, portable neuroimaging may be able to capture the immediate response of the ctDCS on the cerebrum [49] that may be used for individual dosing.…”

“…The cerebellum was intact in all the subjects in this study; however, heterogeneous lesion locations in the cerebrum need further investigation, especially in the non-responders, where multi-block or multi-table PLS can integrate one or more of these varieties in a common analysis [40]. In the future, we also plan to segregate the extended pool of post-stroke participants based on the portable neuroimaging of the ctDCS response [49] for such multi-table PLS analysis.…”

Investigating the Feasibility of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to facilitate Post-Stroke Overground Gait Performance in Chronic Stroke: a partial least-squares regression approach

“…Heterogeneous lesion locations in the cerebrum need further investigation vis-à-vis non-responders, where multi-block or multi-table PLS can integrate one or more of these classed in a common analysis [49]. In the future, we also plan to segregate the extended pool of post-stroke participants involving more post-stroke participants from both genders based on the behavioral measures in addition to portable neuroimaging of the ctDCS response in the cerebrum [66] for such multi-table PLSR analysis.…”

Deep Cerebellar Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Hypothesis and Theory for Cannabis Use Disorder

“…Here, all the mean EF (V/m) values at Crus II, that resulted in CBI (see left panel of Figure 3), were found to be higher than the EF threshold for DN activation. Since motor evoked potential (MEP) cannot be generated at the frontal areas so lobule-specific cerebellar NIBS (Batsikadze et al, 2019;Rezaee et al, 2020a; Rezaee and Dutta, 2020, 2019) can be combined with portable fNIRS-EEG (Sood et al, 2016) to identify individual NIBS response (also, non-responders) (Dutta et al, 2015;Guhathakurta and Dutta, 2016;Rezaee et al, 2020b;Sood et al, 2016). Animal studies can confirm the cerebellar TMS evoked dose response at the dopaminergic circuits using a novel approach (Park et al, 2013(Park et al, , 2012(Park et al, , 2011(Park et al, , 2017Wickham et al, 2015;Zachek et al, 2010) by incorporating extracellular electrophysiology and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) (Rodeberg et al, 2017) (tip diameter, ~1μm).…”

“…We postulated that the tTIS with 63Hz amplitude modulation of DCN can lead to normative gamma-to-beta frequency shift during visual cue reactivity (Huhn et al, 2019). These innovations in lobule-specific cerebellar NIBS (Batsikadze et al, 2019;Rezaee et al, 2020a;Dutta, 2020, 2019) and portable fNIRS-EEG of the NIBS effects (Dutta et al, 2015;Guhathakurta and Dutta, 2016;Rezaee et al, 2020b;Sood et al, 2016) can measure individual response (also, identify non-responders), which should be evaluated for home-based NIBS approach in CUD and psychosis/schizophrenia.…”