Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Principles and Neuroscientific Applications

Brain-Based Binary Communication Using Spatiotemporal Features of fNIRS Responses

“…The use of fNIRS as a method to measure brain signals is gaining popularity, with the number of publications increasing rapidly (Boas et al, 2014) since its first use in 1993 (Chance et al, 1993;Hoshi and Tamura, 1993;Kato et al, 1993;Villringer et al, 1993). The mobility of fNIRS hardware makes it highly suited for bedside testing (Cutini et al, 2012;León-Carrión and León-Domínguez, 2012), hence its growing use in brain-computer interfacing (Zephaniah and Kim, 2014). However note that its mobility comes at the cost of a generally lower accuracy compared to fMRI-based paradigms.…”

Investigation of the source‐detector separation in near infrared spectroscopy for healthy and clinical applications

“…Recently, Herold et al proposed the SDS to be sufficiently large to adequately assess cortical blood flow, with a minimum distance of 30 mm . Some other groups also supported SDS to be 30 mm or 40 mm . All these studies have provided valuable insights; however, the selection of SDS in NIRS sensor configuration remains controversial, considering the range of 15 to 45 mm is commonly adopted in different studies using lab‐built or commercially available devices .…”

Designing and Implementing a Portable Near-Infrared Imaging System for Monitoring of Human's Brain Functional Activity1

“…In this range the light absorption is dominated by hemoglobin, and also the absorption by water is low enough that light can penetrate deep into the brain to be affected by the brain functional activity [4,18]. For wavelengths smaller than 700 nm, light will be absorbed by hemoglobin, while for wavelengths larger than 900 nm, light will be absorbed by water so it will not be able to pass through tissue with an adequate penetration depth.…”