Functional Nanomaterials and 3D-Printable Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Enhanced Cell Proliferation and for the Reduction of Bacterial Biofilm Formation

Abstract

Biomaterial-associated infections are a major cause of biomaterial implant failure. To prevent the initial attachment of bacteria to the implant surface, researchers have investigated various surface modification methods. However, most of these approaches also prevent the attachment, spread, and growth of mammalian cells, resulting in tissue integration failure. Therefore, the success of biomaterial implants requires an optimal balance between tissue integration (cell adhesion to biomaterial implants) and inhibition of bacterial colonization. In this regard, we synthesize bifunctional nanomaterials by functionalizing the pores and outer surfaces of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with antibacterial tetracycline (Tet) and antibacterial and cell-adhesive bipolymer poly-d-lysine (PDL), respectively. Then, the fabricated TetPMO-PDL nanomaterials are incorporated into alginate-based hydrogels to create injectable and 3D-printable nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels (AlgL-TetPMO-PDL). These bifunctional nanomaterial and 3D-printable NC hydrogel show pH-dependent release of Tet over 7 days. They also enhance the proliferation of eukaryotic cells (fibroblasts). TetPMO-PDL is inactive in reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. However, AlgL-TetPMO-PDL shows significant antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that the incorporation of TetPMO-PDL into AlgL may have a synergistic effect on the inhibition of the Gram-negative bacterial (P. aeruginosa) biofilm, while this has no effect on the reduction of the Gram-positive bacterial (S. aureus and E. faecalis) biofilm.

A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on VOSviewer From 2010 to 2022

“…Due to the special construction and physical properties of NHs we mentioned above, the hot spots are in vitro drug delivery of NHs, injectable hydrogels, and the application of 3D printing, especially in the simulation of bone (Asadi et al, 2018; Gorantla et al, 2019; Du et al, 2021; Shahid et al, 2021 ; Syed Azhar et al, 2022 ). The keywords appearing in Figure 8 are connected closely and have strong centrality, which shows that the application of NHs has developed to different orientations continually and rapidly ( Motealleh et al, 2021a ).…”

3D-Printed Oxygen-Carrying Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Enhanced Cell Viability under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

“…Thereafter, PMOF (0.1% (wt/v)) was embedded into a Laponite-incorporated alginate hydrogel (AlgL) to obtain AlgL-PMOF. This concentration was used to prevent the potential toxic effects of the PMOF on cells that we have previously reported for PMO-based nanomaterials. , The shear-thinning properties of alginate hydrogels were enhanced by Laponite to provide injectable nanocomposite hydrogels. Naturally derived polymer alginate was used in this study.…”

Advances in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy

“…3D-printable nanocomposite ALG-based hydrogel with incorporated bifunctional nanomaterials prepared via functionalization of the pores and outer surfaces of periodic mesoporous organosilica with tetracycline and cell-adhesive poly-D-lysine exhibited pH-dependent release of antibiotic for 7 days and showed considerable antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa , although it did not reduce the biofilms of S. aureus and E. faecalis [ 226 ]. As a suitable biomaterial for wound dressings showing sustained LEV release and suitable good anti-bacterial activity, LEV-halloysite nanohybrid-loaded fibers based on poly(ethylene oxide) and Na–ALG were reported [ 227 ].…”