Functional MRI

Jezzard, Peter; Ramsey, Nick F.

doi:10.1002/0470869526.ch12

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The size of the B 0 shift in the proximity of a cylindrical vascular segment, such as the large dural sinus, depends on a number of factors. One is the cylinder diameter (6–8 mm) and another is the orientation of the cylinder with respect to the B 0 field (Ogawa, Lee, Nayak, & Glynn, 1990; Jezzard & Ramsey, 2003, Figure 3b). In general, the sinus influences signals on the gyri more than sulci simply because gyri are closer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping hV4 and ventral occipital cortex: The venous eclipse

et al. 2010

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While the fourth human visual field map (hV4) has been studied for two decades, there remain uncertainties about its spatial organization. In analyzing fMRI measurements designed to resolve these issues, we discovered a significant problem that afflicts measurements from ventral occipital cortex, and particularly measurements near hV4. In most hemispheres the fMRI hV4 data are contaminated by artifacts from the transverse sinus (TS). We created a model of the TS artifact and showed that the model predicts the locations of anomalous fMRI responses to simple large-field on–off stimuli. In many subjects, and particularly the left hemisphere, the TS artifact masks fMRI responses specifically in the region of cortex that distinguishes the two main hV4 models. By selecting subjects with a TS displaced from the lateral edge of hV4, we were able to see around the vein. In these subjects, the visual field coverage extends to the lower meridian, or nearly so, consistent with a model in which hV4 is located on the ventral surface and responds to signals throughout the full contralateral hemifield.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping hV4 and ventral occipital cortex: The venous eclipse

et al. 2010

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“…This metabolic activity implies the increase of the blood flow in those specific brain regions provoking changes in their oxygen levels which modify their magnetic properties; the changes are detected by the magnetic resonance instrument then decoded as statistical differences in the metabolic activity presented along the brain. So, it is assumed that brain regions with different statistically calculated BOLD signals represent the brain function related with the cognitive performance (for extensive explanations of the fMRI principles see Raichle, 2001;Jezzard and Ramsey, 2003). Also, the functional brain connectivity can be evaluated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Franciscan Prayer Elicits Empathic and Cooperative Intentions in Atheists: A Neurocognitive and Phenomenological Enquiry

et al. 2017

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Religiosity influences the alleviation of troubles through cooperative and empathic attitudes, but these involve a sense of community offered in non-religious support groups and healthcare institutions too, where individual's spiritual well-being is based on responsibility and solidarity. This is the case of the Alcoholic Anonymous program adopted by several care initiatives, which use the Franciscan Prayer as a fundamental text representing a western epistemic meaning-making system to provide guidance for cooperation and empathy. We aimed to identify the effect of the Franciscan Prayer on the neurocognitive function and emotional-social experiences in 20 persons declared as atheist (M age = 22.85 ± 2.60 years). Spiritual profiles, acceptance of religion, and dispositional empathy were psychometrically evaluated. Functional images were acquired in a 3 T scanner to identify BOLD signals while reading The Franciscan Prayer, The Lord's Prayer representing a culturally known religious text with no Franciscan elements, and a birthday serenade representing a culturally known non-religious text. Phenomenological interviews were performed to categorize emotional experiences and social situations associated with reading each text. Results show that spiritual well-being and empathic dispositions are not allied with religious beliefs. The reading of The Franciscan Prayer was correlated with activation in primary motor and premotor cortices, parietal primary and integrative areas, and occipital primary and associative cortices. These motor and sensorial functions might be essential for the empathic attitudes expressed in the Franciscan tradition allowing cooperative actions. This is congruent with the participant's experiences of wellness, reciprocity, responsibility, and helping evoked by this prayer. The Lord's Prayer was correlated with activation in prefrontal regions, as well as, in anterior and posterior portions of the cingulate cortex. These activations may imply mnemonic and moral processes that may be needed for conflict valuations based on childhood and cultural memories evoked by the participants. As testimonies indicate, disgust, confusion, or criticisms were associated with the religious property of the text. We conclude that thoughts, emotions, and actions evoked by The Franciscan Prayer are not inclined by its religious quality but by its empathic and cooperative properties, which may allow for self-reflection and social actions needed for support groups. inTrODUcTiOn A number of studies have reported the influence of religiosity on comfort and alleviation when facing physical, mental, or emotional disorders. Particularly, praying and meditation may elicit psychological states that favor the development of attitudes, such as forgiveness and acceptance, which increase perceived well-being and a sense of control over the uncertainty of illness (Koenig, 2009;Vess et al., 2009;Caixeta et al., 2012;Grossoehme et al., 2013;Torges et al., 2013). These so-called spiritual elements are not only related to a belief in...

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“…FMRI detects the difference in the signal due to blood flow. In precise, FMRI detects the brain in action (e.g., speaking or moving) [66][67][68]. In particular, it indicates which part of the brain is handling critical functions such as thought, speech, vision, movement and sensation [69].…”

Section: Functional Mri (Fmri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Biomedical Imaging and Image Fusion

Chandrashekar¹,

Sreedevi²

2018

IJCA

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Biomedical imaging is a series of procedures which create images of the human body, or parts of the body, to help screen for possible illness or injury, diagnose the likely cause of symptoms and monitor health conditions or the effects of treatment. The objective of the paper is to provide an overview about various bio medical imaging techniques used in detection and diagnosis of Cancer. Each of these imaging techniques provides information about the anatomy, chemical or physiologic phenomena of the human body which are studied independently by doctors to identify Cancer. The biomedical imaging systems, applications, benefits, drawbacks and research challenges are discussed. Image Fusion and its role in Bio medical imaging is also discussed. Image Fusion is the process of fusing two or more bio medical images which contain complementary information into a single composite image. These enrich image quality and avoid redundancy thereby increase the clinical applicability of medical images for cancer detection, prognosis and treatment planning of Cancer.

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Functional MRI

Cited by 30 publications

References 89 publications

Mapping hV4 and ventral occipital cortex: The venous eclipse

Mapping hV4 and ventral occipital cortex: The venous eclipse

The Franciscan Prayer Elicits Empathic and Cooperative Intentions in Atheists: A Neurocognitive and Phenomenological Enquiry

Advances in Biomedical Imaging and Image Fusion

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