Functional Morphology of the Human Endolymphatic Sac

Altermatt, H. J.; Gebbers, Jan‐Olaf; Müller, Christoph; Arnold, W.; Laissue, Jean A.

doi:10.1159/000276294

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The presence of immunoglobulin A (IgA), secretory components like Cytokeratins 18 and 19, vimentins, as well as the J chain, was described within epithelial cells and in the lumen of the human ES. 19,20 Thus, the expression of these substances in the human ES epithelium supports the assumption that the ES is metabolically active and functionally related to a mesothelium that has both secretory, resorptive, and elimination capabilities 10,19,20 A positive reaction for neuron-specific enolase and neurosecretory antigens was demonstrated in a few epithelial cells of the rugose part of the human ES. 19,20 In addition, neurosecretory granules and somatostatin were observed in cells of the human ES.…”

Section: Secretion Of Substancessupporting

confidence: 67%

“…19,20 In addition, neurosecretory granules and somatostatin were observed in cells of the human ES. 10,19,20 All this information contributes to the hypotheses of the secretory capacity of the ES.…”

Section: Secretion Of Substancesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The proximal part, closer to the vestibule, is revested by an epithelium like the endolymphatic duct, 9 that is, epithelial cells with the cellular membrane folded, creating fingerlike cytoplasmic protrusions. 10 The middle region is revested by a high cylindrical epithelium with many papillae and crypts. The distal part is in a dura mater duplication, that is, connective tissue, with its surface all covered by the same type of simple pavement epithelium.…”

Section: Endolymphatic Sac Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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What a Neurosurgeon Should Know about the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 1–Anatomy and Physiology

Vaz,

Monteiro,

Braga

et al. 2023

Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery

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Objective To describe the microsurgical anatomy and the physiology of the endolymphatic sac (ES) that a neurosurgeon should know. Methods Review of previous studies from 1927 to 2021, from basic and translational research using human and animal ES tissue or cells, as well as previous reviews about the subject. The present article is divided into three parts. In this first part, we review the microsurgical anatomy and physiology of the ES. Results The ES is a structure situated in the inner ear, together with the cochlea, the vestibular system, and other structures. Differently from its adjacent structures, the ES does not have a specialized epithelium; instead, it has mitochondria-rich cells and ribosomal-rich cells, which are responsible for ionic transportation and secretory activity. Apart from these functions, the ES is also responsible for homeostasis regulation of the inner ear, endolymphatic fluid volume control, immune response, elimination of inner ear cellular debris and floating otoconia, regulation of membranous labyrinth pressure, acid/basic transport, and secretion of substances. Its anatomy is not very variable, since in most studies no more than 20mm separates the location of the ES in the samples, in any direction. Conclusion The human ES has vital functions in the inner ear, and its anatomy is rarely variable. Knowing that, and the importance of this area for neurosurgery, the present study elucidates the exact location of the ES and the lost functions that a lesion in this structure must cause.

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Section: Secretion Of Substancessupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Secretion Of Substancesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Endolymphatic Sac Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What a Neurosurgeon Should Know about the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 1–Anatomy and Physiology

Vaz,

Monteiro,

Braga

et al. 2023

Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery

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“…В то время как основные функции эндолимфатического мешка связаны с регулированием объема и давления эндолимфатической жидкости, а также удалением из нее продуктов жизнедеятельности посредством гетерофагии, в последнее время рассматривается также и его эндокринная/паракринная функция. Различные нарушения гомеостаза эндолимфатического мешка связывают с развитием болезни Меньера [1][2][3].…”

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A rare clinical case of a labyrinthine lesion: an endolymphatic sac tumor

Zhorina,

Voronov,

Pustovoy

et al. 2024

Lučevaâ diagn. ter.

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Endolymphatic sac tumors are rare neoplasms originating from the endolymphatic epithelium of the intraosseous part of the endolymphatic duct and sac, typically characterized by slow growth and local destructive changes. We present a case of an endolymphatic sac tumor in a 28-year-old man who consulted an otoneurologist with complaints of progressive hearing loss and dizziness attacks and was referred for a CT scan of the temporal bones and MRI of the inner ear with delayed contrast enhancement. The data of otoneurological and radiological examinations before and after surgical treatment and the results of surgical treatment with histological verification of the tumor are presented. The objective of this case presentation is to demonstrate the usefulness of CT and MRI methods in detecting an endolymphatic sac tumor, to compare the results of otoneurological and radiological examinations and intraoperative and histological data followed by surgery. Radiological examination revealed a neoplasm of the right temporal bone with typical imaging characteristics of endolymphatic sac tumor. Surgery was performed, the mass was removed completely, and the endolymphatic sac tumor was histologically verified. Radiologic presentation includes a typically located area of bone destruction in the petrous part of the temporal bone in the area of the vestibular aqueduct, possibly with the spread of the tumor into the cerebellopontine angle, with a heterogeneous structure, with uneven contrast enhancement. Due to the rarity of this pathology, diagnosis in the early stages is often difficult, and for the correct interpretation of radiologic findings in patients with hearing loss and dizziness, knowledge of the normal anatomy of the temporal bone and awareness of rare variants of its lesions are of key importance. Timely examination of patients with suspected temporal bone lesions and correct diagnosis are the key to successful treatment and maintaining the quality of life in this group of patients.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] The sac continues to undergo considerable change in the late fetal and postnatal periods.O Most of the internal ear becomes encased in the bony otic capsule shortly after midterm.s The endolymphatic sac, which is the terminal saccular enlargement of the endolymphatic duct, lies between the inner and outer layers ofthe dura and the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it can expand with the growing dura.f At all ages the sac is leaflike, with its proximal part connecting to the endolymphatic duct much as a leaf is attached to its stem.s Three regions of the sac are commonly recognized: the proximal or rugose region, the sac proper, and the distal projection. The sac and duct are embryologically derived from neuroectodermal stem cells of the otocyst and differentiate morphologically and functionally throughout gestation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary Neoplasms (Heffner's Tumors) of the Endolymphatic SAC

Batsakis¹,

El‐Naggar²

1993

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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The sources of adenomatous neoplasms in the temporal bones are usually metastases or direct extensions from extratemporal lesions, or primary from the middle ear cleft. In 1989, Heffner added the endolymphatic sac's epithelium as another possible generative origin. In contrast to the adenomatous tumors of the middle ear or mastoid, the papillary cystic neoplasms of the endolymphatic sac are large and locally aggressive and often involve the middle and posterior cranial fossae and bone. These biologically low-grade adenocarcinomas have not been shown to be able to metastasize.

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Functional Morphology of the Human Endolymphatic Sac

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

What a Neurosurgeon Should Know about the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 1–Anatomy and Physiology

What a Neurosurgeon Should Know about the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 1–Anatomy and Physiology

A rare clinical case of a labyrinthine lesion: an endolymphatic sac tumor

Papillary Neoplasms (Heffner's Tumors) of the Endolymphatic SAC

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