Functional morphology of the buccal complex of Flabellina verrucosa (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Mikhlina, Anna; Vortsepneva, Elena; Tzetlin, Alexander B.

doi:10.15298/invertzool.12.2.04

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The nudibranchs A. papillosa and C. verrucosa occur in the same shallow-water community, but C. verrucosa demonstrates non-specified feeding mode ( Mikhlina, Vortsepneva & Tzetlin, 2015 ), and its radula ( Figs. 2C , 2D ) does not take part in biting the prey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of food sources of nudibranch mollusks at different depths off the Kuril Islands using fatty acid trophic markers

Komisarenko

Mordukhovich

Ekimova

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Gastropod molluscs such as nudibranchs are important members of deep-sea benthic ecosystems. However, data on the trophic ecology and feeding specialization of these animals are limited to date. The method of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) was applied to determine the dietary preferences of nudibranchs off the Kuril Islands. Fatty acid (FA) compositions of Dendronotus sp., Tritonia tetraquetra, and Colga pacifica collected from deep waters were analyzed and compared with those of Aeolidia papillosa and Coryphella verrucosa from the offshore zone. The high level of FATM such as 22:5n-6 and C20 monounsaturated FAs indicated that Dendronotus sp. preys on sea anemones and/or anthoathecates hydroids similarly to that of shallow-water species A. papillosa and C. verrucosa. The high percentage of tetracosapolyenoic acids and the ratio 24:6n-3/24:5n-6 indicated that T. tetraquetra preys on soft corals such as Gersemia and/or Acanella at a depth of 250 m, but soft corals of the family Primnoidae may be the main item in the diet of T. tetraquetra at a depth of 500 m. The high content of Δ 7,13-22:2 and 22:6n-3 shows that C. pacifica can feed on bryozoans. In C. pacifica, 22:5n-6 may be synthesized intrinsically by the mollusks, whereas odd-chain and branched saturated FAs originate from associated bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of food sources of nudibranch mollusks at different depths off the Kuril Islands using fatty acid trophic markers

Komisarenko

Mordukhovich

Ekimova

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…Additionally, previous research has shown that the types and proportions of different sequestered NCs might vary greatly depending on the prey species chosen [22]. The radular morphology and the morphology of the buccal complex in nudibranchs is closely related to feeding mechanisms and dietary preferences [2,17,[31][32][33][34][35][36]. As a result, molluscs that have evolved different feeding preferences, and specific adaptations in buccal armature morphology may demonstrate several differences in their sequestered NC assemblage and cnidosac morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematocyst sequestration within the family Fionidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) considering ecological properties and evolution

et al. 2022

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Aeolid nudibranchs are well-known for their ability to incorporate cnidarian nematocysts and use them for defense; this process is tightly linked with the feeding preferences of molluscs. As many nudibranch groups show signs of ecology-based adaptive radiation, studies of prey-based defensive mechanisms can provide valuable insight into details of nudibranch evolutionary history. The main goal of this study is to test the correlation of ecological traits, feeding mechanisms, and prey preferences with cnidosac fine morphology and to pinpoint the phylogenetic value of these traits. We study the cnidosac morphology in thirteen species—representatives of the main lineages within the family Fionidae s.l. The morphological analysis includes histological sections, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. For phylogenetic study, available molecular data from public repositories were used, and phylogenetic trees were produced based on Bayesian Inference and Maximum likelihood analysis for a concatenated dataset of three molecular markers (COI, 16S, H3). In general, fionid cnidosacs fit the common aeolid pattern, but among different species we detected a high variation in type of obtained nematocysts, their arrangement within cnidophages, and in number of cell types within cnidosacs. We report on presence of cellules speciale in the haemocoel of all studied species, and for the first time, we report on cells with chitinous spindles in the haemocoel of all fionids except Eubranchus. The function of both these cell types remains unknown. The loss of functional cnidosacs occurred at least three times within Fionidae, and in case of the genera Phestilla, Calma, and Fiona, this loss is linked to their non-cnidarian diet. The diversity of cnidosac fine structure within Fionidae s.l. correlates with that of the radular morphology and feeding preferences of each species. Prey shifts between cnidarian and non-cnidarian prey (both through evolutionary shifts and individual variation) rarely occur within Fionidae s.l.; however, microevolutionary shifts between different hydrozoan species within a single genus are more common. Cnidosac morphology demonstrates considerable resulting changes even when switching between similar hydrozoan species, or changing the feeding site on same prey species. These data indicate that cnidosac morphology likely follows microevolutionary prey shifts—in other words, it is affected by switches in prey species and changes in feeding sites with a single prey species. Thus, the cnidosac morphology may be a useful indicator when studying ecological features of particular species.

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“…2014; Mikhlina et al . 2015); or lateral paired serrated blades which are located by the sides of the radula (Gittenberger & Gittenberger 2005). Moreover, various taxa of modern gastropods have a dissimilar structure of the mandibles (Vortsepneva & Tzetlin 2014; Mikhlina et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, various taxa of modern gastropods have a dissimilar structure of the mandibles (Vortsepneva & Tzetlin 2014; Mikhlina et al . 2015). Their jaws vary not only in shape and location, but also in mechanism of formation during ontogenesis, which suggests that the jaw‐like structures had appeared in different evolutionary lines of gastropods independently (Vortsepneva & Tzetlin 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early Palaeozoic Discinocarina: a key to the appearance of cephalopod jaws

Mironenko

2021

LET

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Cephalopoda is the only class of molluscs in which virtually all its modern representatives have a pair of powerful jaws. There is little doubt that jaws have contributed to the evolutionary success of cephalopods, but their origin still remains a mystery. Though cephalopods appeared at the end of the Cambrian, the oldest unequivocal jaws have been reported to date from the Late Devonian, though they were initially interpreted as phyllopod crustaceans of the suborder Discinocarina. After their relation with ammonoids was proven, they were considered as opercula, and only later their mandibular nature was recognized and widely accepted. Finds of discinocarins from Silurian deposits are still considered as opercula of ammonoid ancestors ‐ nautiloids of the order Orthocerida. However, according to modern ideas, there is no place within their soft body for the location of such large opercula. Moreover, the repeated appearance of very similar structures in the same evolutionary line at least twice, but in different places of the body and for different purposes seems highly improbable. A new hypothesis is proposed herein, in which the Silurian fossils, earlier assigned to Discinocarina, are not specialized opercula, but protective shields, to defend orthocerids not from the predators, but from their own prey. The chitinous plates around the mouth likely appeared in the Silurian orthocerids for protection from such damage and later, during Silurian and Devonian, most likely gradually evolved into the jaws.

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Functional morphology of the buccal complex of Flabellina verrucosa (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

A comparison of food sources of nudibranch mollusks at different depths off the Kuril Islands using fatty acid trophic markers

A comparison of food sources of nudibranch mollusks at different depths off the Kuril Islands using fatty acid trophic markers

Nematocyst sequestration within the family Fionidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) considering ecological properties and evolution

Early Palaeozoic Discinocarina: a key to the appearance of cephalopod jaws

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