Functional MOF-Based Materials for Environmental and Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review

Abstract

Over the last ten years, there has been a growing interest in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are a unique category of porous materials that combine organic and inorganic components. MOFs have garnered significant attention due to their highly favorable characteristics, such as environmentally friendly nature, enhanced surface area and pore volume, hierarchical arrangements, and adjustable properties, as well as their versatile applications in fields such as chemical engineering, materials science, and the environmental and biomedical sectors. This article centers on examining the advancements in using MOFs for environmental remediation purposes. Additionally, it discusses the latest developments in employing MOFs as potential tools for disease diagnosis and drug delivery across various ailments, including cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, and ocular diseases. Firstly, a concise overview of MOF evolution and the synthetic techniques employed for creating MOFs are provided, presenting their advantages and limitations. Subsequently, the challenges, potential avenues, and perspectives for future advancements in the utilization of MOFs in the respective application domains are addressed. Lastly, a comprehensive comparison of the materials presently employed in these applications is conducted.

Synthesis of Nickel-Based Medical Alloys via Mechanochemical Processing and Powder Metallurgy Techniques

“…This visualization captures the homogenization of particles, which is a direct consequence of the collisional events and high-energy, oxygen-free surfaces that are characteristic of mechanical milling processes. Additionally, it displays an accumulation of various types of structural defects, a testament to the plastic deformation processes taking place at a microstructural level [8]. The development of such defects, along with the cold welding events, leads to the formation of agglomerates.…”

Stability of Zr-Based UiO-66 Metal–Organic Frameworks in Basic Solutions

“…The porosity of MOFs has been exploited for efficient gas storage and molecular separation, leveraging sieving effects, and their unique structural characteristics have found applications in diverse fields [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The tunable pores of MOFs hold promise for selective molecular conveyance, such as drug delivery applications [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Furthermore, the recurring combinations of metal–ligand coordination lead to a distinctive catalytic efficacy in reactions, contribute to optical properties and have the potential for applications in energy-related processes [ 4 , 20 , 21 ].…”

New magnetic nanocomposites based on hexafrite and keggin-type -type heteropolyanions: Synthesized and characterized for removal of environmental pollutants

“…The advanced oxidation process (AOP), like the Fenton reaction, has been shown to successfully break down dangerous pollutants using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Despite its benefits, the long-term application of this method is limited due to the challenges of storing H 2 O 2 , maintaining extreme operating pH, and dealing with the production of iron sludge [ [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Polyoxometalates (POMs), which are a vast group of environmentally friendly inorganic compounds, have a profound impact on the realms of science and technology due to their diverse structure and wide range of applications [ 10 , 11 ].…”