Functional Metal Oxide Ink Systems for Drop-on-Demand Printed Thin-Film Transistors

Zhu, Zhennan; Zhang, Jianhua; Guo, Dong; Ning, Honglong; Zhou, Shiqi; Liang, Zhihao; Yao, Rihui; Wang, Yiping; Lu, Xubing; Peng, Junbiao

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00835

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Among them, the dimensionless number Z was used to evaluate the printability of inks and it was defined as shown below where σ, η, and δ are the density, viscosity, and surface tension of inks, respectively, and a represents the diameter of the printhead used for printing. According to other research, the inks with Z values in the range of 1–10 were recommended for the inkjet printing process. , For the inkjet printer used in this study, the recommended range for surface tension was 20–50 mN/m and viscosity was 8–20 mPa·s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Morphological Regulation of Printed Low-Temperature Conductive Ink

Liu

Guo²,

et al. 2022

Langmuir

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The unbalanced evaporation of solvents in lowtemperature sintered inks for printed electronics leads to a series of problems in the actual printing process, including printed pattern distortion, surface cracking, and the coffee ring effect, which has become a serious obstacle to this technique. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the solvent composition, environmental, and sintering conditions on the complicated pattern formation process of reactive silver inks. The results first showed that only inks with a certain wettability of solvents could form well-defined patterns. Then, the solvent composition and ambient humidity can be adjusted to balance the nonequilibrium evaporative flow within the liquid and thus to obtain a flat liquid film. Combined with the rapid UV sintering process, the particle size, porosity, and roughness could be controlled to produce dense and homogeneous silver films. Finally, we successfully printed silver electrodes with a smooth and dense surface (R qs ∼ 21 nm in 0.8 × 0.8 mm 2 area and less than 1% porosity) under an optimized relative humidity (RH) of 50−60% at room temperature with the solvent composition of IPA (isopropanol)/2,3-BD (2,3-butanediol) = 8:2. In addition, we also demonstrated high-performance Pr−IZO (praseodymium-doped indium−zinc oxide) thin film transistors (TFTs) with a mobility (μ sat ) of 2.14 cm 2 /V/s and I on /I off ratio of over 10 7 using source−drain electrodes printed under optimized conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…According to other research, the inks with Z values in the range of 1−10 were recommended for the inkjet printing process. 35,36 For the inkjet printer used in this study, the recommended range for surface tension was 20−50 mN/m and viscosity was 8−20 mPa•s.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Regulation of Printed Low-Temperature Conductive Ink

Liu

Guo²,

et al. 2022

Langmuir

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“…The typical coffee‐ring structure should be avoided in printed electronics, since its unevenness can deteriorate the uniformity and reliability of the electronic devices. [ 29,32 ] In our unique strategy, we carefully modify the nonuniform coffee‐ring structure to obtain a new type of transistor structure that closely resembles the epsilon shape, called as “epsilon‐type structure transistor.” In detail, the ITO epsilon‐type structure transistors were fabricated with gate at the bottom and contact structure at the top, as shown in Figure a (see the Experimental Section for more details). First, the p ++ Si wafer serving as gate electrode with a 50 nm‐thick Al 2 O 3 layer deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) serving as gate dielectric was pretreated with ultraviolet (UV)/ozone, to improve the surface energy and hydrophilicity of the film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printable Epsilon‐Type Structure Transistor Arrays with Highly Reliable Physical Unclonable Functions

et al. 2023

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With rapid development of emerging applications, especially the artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT), a large amount of digital information needs to be replicated, stored, processed, and communicated. This in turn requires secure communication and/or authentication; for this, cryptographic keys are required. [1,2] Software-based data encryption methods based on pseudorandom number generators are no longer sufficient due to their vulnerability; encryption effectiveness is also affected by the key quality. [3] These concerns essentially force the future data-intensive applications to have builtin-hardware-based information security systems, rather than relying solely on the software for battling security attacks. However, traditional hardware encryption solutions often work by storing the keys used by different encryption algorithms in a nonvolatile memory array; the stored cryptographic keys are vulnerable to physical and side-channel attacks, such as by observing the power consumed or radiation emitted. [4] Therefore, an epochmaking hardware-security technology is urgently needed for the future technologies.Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), also known as the physical one-way functions, [5] are promising hardware security primitives that allow random, unique cryptographic keys to be extracted for different application scenarios, rather than being stored in nonvolatile memory arrays. PUFs utilize intrinsic manufacturing defects in the physical microstructure of hardware components to interact with different external stimuli (light, voltage, and magnetic field), to produce unclonable cryptographic primitives comparable to biometrics for hardware security authorization. [6] The first reported PUFs exploited specific 2D patterns generated by a nonuniform 3D structure being optically hashed. [5] In general, optical PUF requires bulky external equipment and is incompatible with the existing silicon fabrication processes, which hinders its further application. [7] Additionally, conventional silicon PUFs suffer from issues such as low entropy, susceptibility to noise interference, and inability to resist machine-learning (ML) attacks. [8,9] In recent years, several PUFs constructed using novel materials, such Printed electronics promises to drive the future data-intensive technologies, with its potential to fabricate novel devices over a large area with low cost on nontraditional substrates. In these emerging technologies, there exists a large digital information flow, which requires secure communication and authentication. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) offer a promising builtin hardware-security system comparable to biometrical data, which can be constructed by device-specific intrinsic variations in the additive manufacturing process of active devices. However, printed PUFs typically exploit the inherent variation in layer thickness and roughness of active devices. The current in devices with enough significant changes to increase the robustness to external environment noise is still a challen...

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“…Therefore, the selection of solvents for the solutions, and especially for nanoparticle dispersions, is crucial. The emphasis was focused on the physicochemical properties of the solvents, such as the viscosity and surface tension [66,67], which control the ink printability, film formation, and clogging mitigation of the nozzles within the printhead. A cosolvent system is widely used to control the morphology because of the inward Marangoni flow induced by the surface-tension gradients [53,54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet-Printed Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang

Kloo

et al. 2021

Materials

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Inkjet printing emerged as an alternative deposition method to spin coating in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the potential of scalable, low-cost, and no-waste manufacturing. In this study, the materials TiO2, SrTiO3, and SnO2 were inkjet-printed as electron transport layers (ETLs), and the PSC performance based on these ETLs was optimized by adjusting the ink preparation methods and printing processes. For the mesoporous ETLs inkjet-printed from TiO2 and SrTiO3 nanoparticle inks, the selection of solvents for dispersing nanoparticles was found to be important and a cosolvent system is beneficial for the film formation. Meanwhile, to overcome the low current density and severe hysteresis in SrTiO3-based devices, mixed mesoporous SrTiO3/TiO2 ETLs were also investigated. In addition, inkjet-printed SnO2 thin films were fabricated by using a cosolvent system and the effect of the SnO2 ink concentrations on the device performance was investigated. In comparison with PSCs based on TiO2 and SrTiO3 ETLs, the SnO2-based devices offer an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.37% in combination with a low hysteresis. This work expands the range of suitable ETL materials for inkjet-printed PSCs and promotes the commercial applications of inkjet printing techniques in PSC manufacturing.

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Functional Metal Oxide Ink Systems for Drop-on-Demand Printed Thin-Film Transistors

Cited by 13 publications

References 148 publications

Morphological Regulation of Printed Low-Temperature Conductive Ink

Morphological Regulation of Printed Low-Temperature Conductive Ink

Printable Epsilon‐Type Structure Transistor Arrays with Highly Reliable Physical Unclonable Functions

Inkjet-Printed Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells

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