Functional interactions between members of the REPAT family of insect pathogen‐induced proteins

Navarro-Cerrillo, Gloria; Ferré, Juan; Maagd, Ruud A. de; Herrero, Salvador

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01139.x

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The general up-regulation of the repat unigenes from class α together with repat45 , and the down-regulation of class ß repat members 42 and 43, coincide with the transcriptional profiles reported in S. exigua treated with Cry1C by Navarro-Cerrillo et al [54]. Although the role of REPAT proteins remains unclear, the large number of repat members regulated, their homology to transcriptional activators in other species of Lepidoptera, and their ability to form heterodimers and translocate into the nucleus [78] seems to point to a possible role in the transcriptional activation of several sets of genes in response to physiological changes in the midgut produced by Vip3A or Cry1C intoxication.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of the Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua Larvae Challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin

et al. 2013

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Host-pathogen interactions result in complex relationship, many aspects of which are not completely understood. Vip proteins, which are Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins produced during the vegetative stage, are selectively effective against specific insect pests. This new group of Bt proteins represents an interesting alternative to the classical Bt Cry toxins because current data suggests that they do not share the same mode of action. We have designed and developed a genome-wide microarray for the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, a serious lepidopteran pest of many agricultural crops, and used it to better understand how lepidopteran larvae respond to the treatment with the insecticidal protein Vip3Aa. With this approach, the goal of our study was to evaluate the changes in gene expression levels caused by treatment with sublethal doses of Vip3Aa (causing 99% growth inhibition) at 8 and 24 h after feeding. Results indicated that the toxin provoked a wide transcriptional response, with 19% of the microarray unigenes responding significantly to treatment. The number of up- and down-regulated unigenes was very similar. The number of genes whose expression was regulated at 8 h was similar to the number of genes whose expression was regulated after 24 h of treatment. The up-regulated sequences were enriched for genes involved in innate immune response and in pathogen response such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and repat genes. The down-regulated sequences were mainly unigenes with homology to genes involved in metabolism. Genes related to the mode of action of Bt Cry proteins were found, in general, to be slightly overexpressed. The present study is the first genome-wide analysis of the response of lepidopteran insects to Vip3Aa intoxication. An insight into the molecular mechanisms and components related to Vip intoxication will allow designing of more effective management strategies for pest control.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of the Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua Larvae Challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin

et al. 2013

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“…Of these, we identified 11 transcripts that were induced or upregulated across all times sampled from 12 to 72 h postinfection. These transcripts included HMG176 (a response to Sequence Distribution [Biological Process] cellular protein metabolic process (10) transmembrane transport (11) response to stimulus (12) cellular component organization (12) catabolic process (12) small molecule metabolic process (18) carbohydrate metabolic process (18) cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process (27) biosynthetic process (22) lipid metabolic process (21) single-organism cellular process (19)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graph Level 4 Pie Chart of #Seqs [Biological Process] regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (10) regulation of primary metabolic process (10) regulation of cellular metabolic process (12) organonitrogen compound metabolic process (15) cellular macromolecule metabolic process (15) heterocycle metabolic process (17) nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (17) cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process (19) cellular aromatic compound metabolic process (19) organic substance biosynthetic process (19) macromolecule metabolic process (41) transport (33) protein metabolic process (21) organic cyclic compound metabolic process (19) oxidation-reduction process (19) cellular biosynthetic process (19)…”

Section: B Downregulated Transcriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Responses of the Trichoplusia ni Midgut to Oral Infection by the Baculovirus Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Shrestha

Bao

Chen

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Baculoviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that are virulent pathogens of certain insect species. In a natural host, Trichoplusia ni, infection by the model baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) begins when the occluded form of the virus disassembles in the midgut and virions infect midgut epithelial cells to establish the primary phase of the infection. To better understand the primary phase of the AcMNPV infection cycle, newly molted 5th-instar T. ni larvae were orally infected with AcMNPV occlusion bodies and the transcriptional responses of the T. ni midgut were analyzed at various times from 0 to 72 h postinfection, using transcriptome sequencing analysis and a T. ni reference genome. The numbers of differentially expressed host genes increased as the infection progressed, and we identified a total of 3,372 differentially expressed T. ni transcripts in the AcMNPV-infected midgut. Genes encoding orthologs of HMG176, atlastin, and CPH43 were among the most dramatically upregulated in response to AcMNPV infection. A number of cytochrome P450 genes were downregulated in response to infection. We also identified the effects of AcMNPV infection on a large variety of genes associated with innate immunity. This analysis provides an abundance of new and detailed information on host responses to baculovirus infection during the primary phase of the infection in the midgut and will be important for understanding how baculoviruses establish productive infections in the organism. IMPORTANCE Baculoviruses are virulent pathogens of a number of important insect pest species. In the host Trichoplusia ni, infection begins in the midgut when infectious virions of the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) phenotype enter and subsequently replicate in cells of the midgut epithelium. A second virion phenotype (budded virus [BV]) is produced there, and BV mediates systemic infection of the animal. Most prior detailed studies of baculovirus infections have focused on BV infections of cultured cells. In this study, we examined the transcriptional responses of the T. ni midgut to infection by ODV of the baculovirus AcMNPV and identified a variety of host genes that respond dramatically to viral infection. Understanding the transcriptional responses of the host midgut to viral infection is critically important for understanding the biphasic infection in the animal as a whole.

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“…Other studies have shown that arylphorin and repat5 , as well as other members of the repat superfamily, are induced in response to intoxication with several types of toxins in Spodoptera spp. [34-36]. It would be of interest to check whether other resistant strains with mutations in the ABCC2 transporter overexpress these genes and to explore the possibility of using such a phenotype as a marker to monitor for the presence of ABC-related mutations in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABCC transporters mediate insect resistance to multiple Bt toxins revealed by bulk segregant analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRelatively recent evidence indicates that ABCC2 transporters play a main role in the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A-type proteins. Mapping of major Cry1A resistance genes has linked resistance to the ABCC2 locus in Heliothis virescens, Plutella xylostella, Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori, and mutations in this gene have been found in three of these Bt-resistant strains.ResultsWe have used a colony of Spodoptera exigua (Xen-R) highly resistant to a Bt commercial bioinsecticide to identify regions in the S. exigua genome containing loci for major resistance genes by using bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Results reveal a region containing three genes from the ABCC family (ABBC1, ABBC2 and ABBC3) and a mutation in one of them (ABBC2) as responsible for the resistance of S. exigua to the Bt commercial product and to its key Spodoptera-active ingredients, Cry1Ca. In contrast to all previously described mutations in ABCC2 genes that directly or indirectly affect the extracellular domains of the membrane protein, the ABCC2 mutation found in S. exigua affects an intracellular domain involved in ATP binding. Functional analyses of ABBC2 and ABBC3 support the role of both proteins in the mode of action of Bt toxins in S. exigua. Partial silencing of these genes with dsRNA decreased the susceptibility of wild type larvae to both Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca. In addition, reduction of ABBC2 and ABBC3 expression negatively affected some fitness components and induced up-regulation of arylphorin and repat5, genes that respond to Bt intoxication and that are found constitutively up-regulated in the Xen-R strain.ConclusionsThe current results show the involvement of different members of the ABCC family in the mode of action of B. thuringiensis proteins and expand the role of the ABCC2 transporter in B. thuringiensis resistance beyond the Cry1A family of proteins to include Cry1Ca.

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Functional interactions between members of the REPAT family of insect pathogen‐induced proteins

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of the Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua Larvae Challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin

Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of the Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua Larvae Challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin

Transcriptional Responses of the Trichoplusia ni Midgut to Oral Infection by the Baculovirus Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus

ABCC transporters mediate insect resistance to multiple Bt toxins revealed by bulk segregant analysis

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