Functional interactions among microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs

Abstract

In mammals, the vast majority of transcripts expressed are noncoding RNAs, ranging from short RNAs (including microRNAs) to long RNAs spanning up to hundreds of kb. While the actions of microRNAs as destabilizers and repressors of the translation of protein-coding transcripts (mRNAs) have been studied in detail, the influence of microRNAs on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) function is only now coming into view. Conversely, the influence of lncRNAs upon microRNA function is also rapidly emerging. In some cases, lncRNA stability is reduced through the interaction of specific miRNAs. In other cases, lncRNAs can act as microRNA decoys, with the sequestration of microRNAs favoring expression of repressed target mRNAs. Other lncRNAs derepress gene expression by competing with miRNAs for interaction with shared target mRNAs. Finally, some lncRNAs can produce miRNAs, leading to repression of target mRNAs. These microRNA-lncRNA regulatory paradigms modulate gene expression patterns that drive major cellular processes (such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death) which are central to mammalian physiologic and pathologic processes. We review and summarize the types of microRNA-lncRNA crosstalk identified to-date and discuss their influence on gene expression programs.

miR‐193b availability is antagonized by LncRNA‐SNHG7 for FAIM2‐induced tumour progression in non‐small cell lung cancer

“…4 Zhuang et al 24 cells. 28 In this study, SNHG7 modulated miR-193b availability by acting as a molecular sponge, which down-regulated the miR-193b levels to enhance its target gene FAIM2-induced tumour survival,…”

“…4,5 The aberrant expression of miRNA and LncRNA was found to be involved into the progression of cancer. [6][7][8][9] miR-34 and let-7 were found to be tumoursuppressive miRNAs in lung cancer, systemic nano-delivery of miR-34…”

“…16,17 The miRNAs can target lncRNAs to reduce lncRNA stability, whereas lncRNAs can also function as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to antagonize miRNAs or lncRNAs compete with miRNAs to modulate miRNAs availability to silence target mRNAs. 4 During the lung carcinogenesis, an oncogenic gene LncRNA-UCA1 was highly up-regulated and competitively spongeing miR-193a-3p to increase its target gene ERBB4 levels for the development of NSCLC. 18 LncRNA-NEAT1 was found to accelerate NSCLC cell growth and metastasis, and functioned as a ceRNA for hsa-miR-377-3p to de-repress its endogenous targets E2F3.…”

Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers

“…LincRNA-p21 is increased by hypoxia via HIF-1α and interacts with and stabilizes HIF-1α, resulting in increased glycolysis in HeLa cells (Yang, et al 2014). LincRNAp21 is degraded by let-7 (Yoon, et al 2014). LincRNA-p21 is transcribed into two isoforms with Alu inverted repeat elements and colocalizes with the lncRNA NEAT1 in the nucleus of U2OS, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells (Chillón and Pyle 2016).…”

miR-125b, miR-200c Are Correlated with the Severity of Interstitial Lung Disease in Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are generally believed involved in regulating the expression of protein-encoding genes by blocking the translation or inducing degradation of target mRNAs [3]. Up to now, miRNAs have been confirmed to play important roles in diverse fibrotic diseases (including lung fibrosis) [4] [5] [6] [7].…”