Functional interaction between Cdc42 and the stress MAPK signaling pathway during the regulation of fission yeast polarized growth

Abstract

Cell polarization can be defined as the generation and maintenance of directional cellular organization. The spatial distribution and protein or lipid composition of the cell are not symmetric but organized in specialized domains which allow cells to grow and acquire a certain shape that is closely linked to their physiological function. The establishment and maintenance of polarized growth requires the coordination of diverse processes including cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane trafficking, and signaling cascade regulation. Some of the major players involved in the selection and maintenance of sites for polarized growth are Rho GTPases, which recognize the polarization site and transmit the signal to regulatory proteins of the cytoskeleton. Additionally, cytoskeletal organization, polarized secretion, and endocytosis are controlled by signaling pathways including those mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Rho GTPases and the MAPK signaling pathways are strongly conserved from yeast to mammals, suggesting that the basic mechanisms of polarized growth have been maintained throughout evolution. For this reason, the study of how polarized growth is established and regulated in simple organisms such as the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has contributed to broaden our knowledge about these processes in multicellular organisms. We review here the function of the Cdc42 GTPase and the stress activated MAPK (SAPK) signaling pathways during fission yeast polarized growth, and discuss the relevance of the crosstalk between both pathways.

Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Regulates Mycoparasitic Hyphal-Hyphal Interactions in Trichoderma atroviride

“…The study showed that Sty1 activation in response to stress is sufficient to disperse GTPase activity cluster from the cell apex and terminate cell elongation. This suggests that inhibition of the SAPK pathway translates into loss of control over focused GTPase activity [ 93 ]. This offers an explanation why in the absence of Tmk3-mediated stress regulation, apical GTPase activity is maintained in T. atroviride , albeit in a highly deregulated manner.…”

Improved Cellulase Production of Trichoderma reesei by Regulating Mycelium Morphology

“…This activation, in turn, regulates the polar growth of cells. Furthermore, Cdc42 positively regulates the MAPK pathway through positive feedback, thereby promoting hyphal formation [66].…”

The Factors and Pathways Regulating the Activation of Mammalian Primordial Follicles in vivo

“…Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) is a member of the Rho GTPase family and is crucial in controlling multicellular functions including actin cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane trafficking, transcription, and cell cycle control (Duquette and Lamarche-Vane, 2014;Pérez et al, 2020). Previous studies have revealed that CDC42 is essential for meiotic maturation and might activate the PI3K pathway in mouse oocytes by regulating PTEN and PIP3 (Li et al, 2003;Na and Zernicka-Goetz, 2006).…”