Functional impact of interneuronal inhibition in the cerebral cortex of behaving animals

Merchant, Hugo; Lafuente, Víctor de; Peña‐Ortega, Fernando; Larriva-Sahd, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.005

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Recruitment of PV interneuron feed-forward inhibition is delayed compared to direct PN innervation, providing a short window for PN signal summation that facilitates coincidence detection and firing synchrony (69), the latter function supported further by PV-PV reciprocal connections (70). Regulation of thalamic sensory input positions PV interneurons to enhance stimulus selectivity (or “tuning”) of neuronal ensembles (71, 72). Rapid and massively divergent PV interneuron inhibition prevents saturation of PN sensory responses, thus also contributing to gain modulation (73, 74).…”

Section: Cortical Microcircuit Organization and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives

Fee

Banasr

Sibille

2017

Biological Psychiatry

251

195

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The functional integration of external and internal signals forms the basis of information processing and is essential for higher cognitive functions. This occurs in finely-tuned cortical microcircuits whose functions are balanced at the cellular level by excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons. The balance of excitation and inhibition, from cellular processes to neural network activity, is characteristically disrupted in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Specifically, nearly three decades of research demonstrate a role for reduced inhibitory GABA level and function across disorders. In MDD, recent evidence from human postmortem and animal studies suggests a selective vulnerability of GABAergic interneurons that co-express the neuropeptide somatostatin (“SST cells/interneurons”). Advances in cell type-specific molecular genetics have now helped to elucidate several important roles for SST interneurons in cortical processing (regulation of pyramidal cell excitatory input) and behavioral control (mood and cognition). Here, we review evidence for altered inhibitory function arising from GABAergic deficits across disorders, and specifically in MDD. We then focus on properties of the cortical microcircuit, wherein SST-positive GABA interneuron deficits may disrupt functioning in several ways. Finally, we discuss the putative origins of SST cell deficits, as informed by recent research, and implications for therapeutic approaches. We conclude that deficits in SST interneurons represent a contributing cellular pathology, and therefore a promising target for normalizing altered inhibitory function in MDD and other disorders with reduced SST cell and GABA functions.

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Section: Cortical Microcircuit Organization and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives

Fee

Banasr

Sibille

2017

Biological Psychiatry

251

195

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“…Again, all the possible preferred serial orders are represented across cell populations. Cell tuning is an encoding mechanism used by the cerebral cortex to represent different sensory, motor and cognitive features [115], which include the duration of the intervals and the serial order of movements produced rhythmically. These signals must be integrated as a population code, where the cells can vote in favour of their preferred interval/serial order to generate a neural 'tag'.…”

Section: Neurophysiology Of Rhythmic Behaviour In Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the beat: a neural perspective across humans and non-human primates

Merchant¹,

Grahn

Trainor

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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310

243

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One contribution of 12 to a theme Issue 'Biology, cognition and origins of musicality'. Humans possess an ability to perceive and synchronize movements to the beat in music ('beat perception and synchronization'), and recent neuroscientific data have offered new insights into this beat-finding capacity at multiple neural levels. Here, we review and compare behavioural and neural data on temporal and sequential processing during beat perception and entrainment tasks in macaques (including direct neural recording and local field potential (LFP)) and humans (including fMRI, EEG and MEG). These abilities rest upon a distributed set of circuits that include the motor cortico-basalganglia-thalamo-cortical (mCBGT) circuit, where the supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and the putamen are critical cortical and subcortical nodes, respectively. In addition, a cortical loop between motor and auditory areas, connected through delta and beta oscillatory activity, is deeply involved in these behaviours, with motor regions providing the predictive timing needed for the perception of, and entrainment to, musical rhythms. The neural discharge rate and the LFP oscillatory activity in the gamma-and beta-bands in the putamen and SMA of monkeys are tuned to the duration of intervals produced during a beat synchronization-continuation task (SCT). Hence, the tempo during beat synchronization is represented by different interval-tuned cells that are activated depending on the produced interval. In addition, cells in these areas are tuned to the serial-order elements of the SCT. Thus, the underpinnings of beat synchronization are intrinsically linked to the dynamics of cell populations tuned for duration and serial order throughout the mCBGT. We suggest that a cross-species comparison of behaviours and the neural circuits supporting them sets the stage for a new generation of neurally grounded computational models for beat perception and synchronization.

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“…A cortical microcircuit can be defined as a functional unit that processes inputs and generates outputs by dynamic and local interactions of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons (Merchant et al, 2012). Consequently, pyramidal neurons and interneurons are considered to be the main elements of microcircuits.…”

Section: Neural Transformations Within Local Microcircuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of auditory categorization: from across brain areas to within local microcircuits

Tsunada

Cohen

2014

Front. Neurosci.

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Categorization enables listeners to efficiently encode and respond to auditory stimuli. Behavioral evidence for auditory categorization has been well documented across a broad range of human and non-human animal species. Moreover, neural correlates of auditory categorization have been documented in a variety of different brain regions in the ventral auditory pathway, which is thought to underlie auditory-object processing and auditory perception. Here, we review and discuss how neural representations of auditory categories are transformed across different scales of neural organization in the ventral auditory pathway: from across different brain areas to within local microcircuits. We propose different neural transformations across different scales of neural organization in auditory categorization. Along the ascending auditory system in the ventral pathway, there is a progression in the encoding of categories from simple acoustic categories to categories for abstract information. On the other hand, in local microcircuits, different classes of neurons differentially compute categorical information.

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Functional impact of interneuronal inhibition in the cerebral cortex of behaving animals

Cited by 52 publications

References 169 publications

Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives

Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives

Finding the beat: a neural perspective across humans and non-human primates

Neural mechanisms of auditory categorization: from across brain areas to within local microcircuits

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