Functional human T-cell immunity and osteoprotegerin ligand control alveolar bone destruction in periodontal infection

Chemotactic and Immunoregulatory Properties of Bone Cells are Modulated by Endotoxin-Stimulated Lymphocytes

“…Moreover, LPS-pulsed splenocytes enhanced OCL differentiation, confirming that inflammatory environment lead to bone destruction as a serious complication of bacterial infections of bones or adjacent tissues [6,9,[12][13][14][15][16]37]. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that there is a bidirectional communication during endotoxin-induced inflammation between bone and immune cells.…”

“…B lymphocytes, highly susceptible to LPS, additionally contribute to osteoclastogenic effect of LPS in vitro and in vivo [13][14]. T lymphocytes within an inflamed site support bone destruction by stimulating RANKL expression and OCL precursors [15][16].…”

The role of macrophages in the induction of murine immune response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

“…Human monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils stimulated with this potential periodontopathogen have been shown to release proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-AE) [7,8]. A. actinomycetemcomitans has been shown to induce alveolar bone destruction in animal models [9]. It has also been documented that internalisation of this bacterium by macrophages and epithelial cells induces apoptosis [10,11], suggesting that A. actinomycetemcomitans may accelerate gingival cell death and thus promote gingival tissue destruction.…”

Influence of Baicalin on Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rat Experimental Periodontitis

“…Experimental animal models have been used to clarify the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and develop new periodontal therapy [18,19]. Intragingival injection of LPS have been accepted as useful experimental models of periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption.…”