Functional groups in carbon black by FTIR spectroscopy

O'Reilly, Jane; Mosher, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(83)90155-0

Cited by 191 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The fresh material showed a strong absorbance at 1787 cm −1 and a band at 1262 cm −1 , assigned to the carboxylic acid groups [27] and [28], both being not observed after reaction. This was attributed to the thermal instability of the carboxylic acid surface groups, known to decompose for temperatures higher than 540 K. The absorption maximum at 1106 cm −1 and the shoulder at 1053 cm −1 observed on the fresh UDD, was located in the spectral region corresponding to C-O stretching vibrations of ether-type groups and alcohols [25] and [29]. After reaction, these features disappeared or at least reduced in intensity.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…By contrast, at 870-970 K, the (111) facet was also clean from any forms of carbon deposits with a similar measured activation energy of combustion for this plane at 230 ± 10 kJ mol −1 . Hence, it can be assumed that the UDD surfaces free of graphitic deposits might consist of (100) facets, while (111) facets might be covered by more reactive graphitic deposits according to [29]. This explained the remaining significant benzene yield of 8% on UDD at steady-state, due to the incomplete coverage of the UDD nanoparticles with sp 2 -carbon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over ultra-dispersed diamond and onion-like carbon

Maksimova

Mestl

et al. 2007

Carbon

169

114

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The catalytic properties of sp 3 -hybridized ultra-dispersed diamond and sp 2 -hybridized onion-like carbon in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene were investigated, highlighting the structure sensitivity of the reaction. The sp 3 -carbon led initially to C-C cleavage and benzene formation, while a switchover of the main reaction pathway into the styrene formation occurred with time on stream due to the formation of surface sp 2 carbon, required for the selective styrene formation. This was confirmed by the behavior and the high stable styrene selectivity shown by onion-like carbons. High temperature oxygen pre-treatment created catalytically active species at the sp 2 carbon surface, confirming that a high thermal stability carbon-oxygen complex was the active surface site for forming styrene.

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Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over ultra-dispersed diamond and onion-like carbon

Maksimova

Mestl

et al. 2007

Carbon

169

114

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“…Finally, the peaks at 1352 and 1230 cm -1 correspond to the C-C and C-OH stretching vibration of carboxylic groups. 27 Relating to Vulcan-CBZ spectrum ( Figure S1b) the presence of characteristic stretches of thiosemicarbazide functional groups can be clearly observed ( Figure S1c): 22,28,29 u(C=S) 840-730 cm -1 , u(N-N) 1037-840 cm -1 and u(N-H) 3368-3175 cm -1 . It is also noted that the peak assigned to N-H centered at 3363 cm -1 underwent a slight change.…”

Section: Characterization Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…There is a little contribution of: (i) symmetrical and anti-symmetrical CH 2 stretching vibrations in the 2900-2800 cm -1 region; and (ii) the peak at 1714 cm -1 resulting from the stretching of the carbonyl bond of the COOH group. 27 Also, in the medium frequency region, there is a broad band in the range of 1665-1500 cm -1 due to the contribution of the angular deformation of the OH group conjugated with the CO stretch. Finally, the peaks at 1352 and 1230 cm -1 correspond to the C-C and C-OH stretching vibration of carboxylic groups.…”

Section: Characterization Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel and Simple Electroanalytical Procedure for the Determination of Copper in Biofuel Employing a Sensor Based on Vulcan Functionalized with Carbazone

Freitas¹,

Lima²,

Marques³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A novel and simple electroanalytical method for the determination of Cu 2+ in biodiesel samples by stripping voltammetric analysis was developed. The method employs a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with Vulcan carbon, previouly functionalized with carbazone (CBZ). The CPE/Vulcan-CBZ sensor promoted a significant increase in the analytical signal obtained from copper as compared to unmodified CPE, and the CPE modified with Vulcan carbon (CPE/ Vulcan). Vulcan-CBZ, Vulcan and CBZ materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) techniques. The CPE/Vulcan-CBZ modified electrode showed excellent response and was able to detect Cu 2+ at nanomolar levels. The electrochemical method is based on preconcentration of Cu 2+ ions on the CPE/Vulcan-CBZ at 0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl(sat) in 0.2 mol L -1 ammonium sulfate solution ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), pH 3.5, during 120 s, followed by subsequent chemical stripping. The analytical signal showed a linear response for Cu 2+ concentrations in the range from 6 to 190 nmol L -1 (r = 0.998), with a detection limit of 1.2 nmol L -1 . The sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Cu 2+ in biodiesel and the average recovery varied between 97.0 and 102.8% for the soybean biodiesel samples and between 109.6 and 111.0% for the babassu biodiesel samples showing a good accuracy for the proposed method.Keywords: biofuel, copper, voltammetric sensor, Vulcan carbon, carbazone IntroductionThe pursuit of alternative fuels has been acquiring prominence in the last decades. The replacement of fossil fuels has been motivated by environmental, economical and social factors, since society itself depends on its use. In this context, one alternative that has stood out is the use of biofuels, such as charcoal, alcohol, biogas and biodiesel. 1,2 Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced either from vegetable sources (soybean, castor oil, palm oil, sunflower, among others) or from ethanol (from sugarcane) or methanol (which can be obtained from wood biomass). 3 It is, therefore, a biodegradable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel. However, some metals, such as Cu, Fe, and Ni, can be inserted in the production process with the catalysts, during transportation and storage. Furthermore, the presence of these metals, even at trace levels, can promote the formation of gums and sediments that damage vehicle engines and promote the oxidation of biodiesel. 4,5 Copper, iron and the effect of nickel on biodiesel's stability has been widely evaluated. Among these metals, copper is the most powerful catalyst in biodiesel's oxidation process. 5 Therefore, the monitoring of the amount of copper is extremely important in this fuel for preventing undesirable variations in its physical state and properties, during its use or storage. 5 In this context, it is opportune and necessary to develop novel sensitive and selective anal...

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“…The absorption peaks at around 1649 cm À1 , 1109 cm À1 and 802 cm À1 may be assigned to SiO 2 . 18,19 Furthermore, the morphology and microstructure of the as-prepared N-HCS are identi¯ed by SEM and TEM measurements. Observation from the SEM image in Fig.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Derived from Dopamine as High-Performance Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Yang

Qiu

Liu

et al. 2016

NANO

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Designed as an anode material for sodium ion batteries, porous nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (N-HCS, D ¼ 200 nm) are successfully synthesized via the mature template-assisted method using silica and dopamine as template and carbon precursor, respectively. For detailed characterization of Raman, FTIR and XPS results, it is revealed that N-doping can form a disordered carbon structure and induce a large number of topological defects on carbon outer wall. The N-HCS electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability and rate capability, delivering a satisfying capacity of 306 mAh g À1 over 600 cycles at a discharging rate of 0.05 A g À1 and an attainable capacity of 188 mAh g À1 even at a high discharging rate of 3.0 A g À1 . The excellent electrochemical performance of N-HCS can be attributed to the high content of pores. Moreover, the high content of pyridinic and graphitic N could facilitate the transfer of sodium ion and electron.

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Functional groups in carbon black by FTIR spectroscopy

Cited by 191 publications

References 9 publications

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over ultra-dispersed diamond and onion-like carbon

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over ultra-dispersed diamond and onion-like carbon

Development of a Novel and Simple Electroanalytical Procedure for the Determination of Copper in Biofuel Employing a Sensor Based on Vulcan Functionalized with Carbazone

Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Derived from Dopamine as High-Performance Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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