Functional group diversity, resource preemption and the genesis of invasion resistance in a community of marine algae

Britton‐Simmons, Kevin H.

doi:10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14203.x

Cited by 98 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Such ''multivariate complementarity'' (in the sense of ref. 10) was found in an experiment of similar duration in which highdiversity communities were created by using deletion experiments (32). These studies corroborate the conclusion that experiments finding strong effects of diversity are often those in which treatments develop by weeding communities on natural substrate, whereas assembly experiments often find stronger ''identity'' effects unless they are of long duration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Complementarity in marine biodiversity manipulations: Reconciling divergent evidence from field and mesocosm experiments

Stachowicz

Best

Bracken

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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Mounting concern over the loss of marine biodiversity has increased the urgency of understanding its consequences. This urgency spurred the publication of many short-term studies, which often report weak effects of diversity (species richness) driven by the presence of key species (the sampling effect). Longer-term field experiments are slowly accumulating, and they more often report strong diversity effects driven by species complementarity, calling into question the generality of earlier findings. However, differences among study systems in which short-and long-term studies are conducted currently limit our ability to assess whether these differences are simply due to biological or environmental differences among systems. In this paper, we compared the effect of intertidal seaweed species richness on biomass accumulation in mesocosms and field experiments using the same pool of species. We found that seaweed species richness increased biomass accumulation in field experiments in both short (2-month) and long (3-year) experiments, although effects were stronger in the longterm experiment. In contrast, richness had no effect in mesocosm experiments, where biomass accumulation was completely a function of species identity. We argue that the short-term experiments, like many published experiments on the topic, detect only a subset of possible mechanisms that operate in the field over the longer term because they lack sufficient environmental heterogeneity to allow expression of niche differences, and they are of insufficient length to capture population-level responses, such as recruitment. Many published experiments, therefore, likely underestimate the strength of diversity on ecosystem processes in natural ecosystems. diversity-ecosystem function ͉ seaweed ͉ species identity ͉ intertidal ͉ algae

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Complementarity in marine biodiversity manipulations: Reconciling divergent evidence from field and mesocosm experiments

Stachowicz

Best

Bracken

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…In contrast to previous studies of S. muticum (e.g. Staehr et al 2000, Britton-Simmons 2006, space availability did not play a significant role in explaining the recruitment success of the invader.The role of PP in the invasion process was only relevant over the settlement stage (Clark & Johnston 2009). Although a high percentage cover of canopy, i.e.…”

contrasting

confidence: 53%

“…However, the inherent traits of each functional group have strong effects on specific resources (Symstad 2000, Britton-Simmons 2006. This fact and our results suggest that the additive effects of each functional role in highly diverse assemblages are important in modifying resource availability and may therefore interfere with community invasibility (Arenas et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…For benthic algal communities as sessile photosynthetic organisms, space and light are important limiting resources (Sousa 1979). For example, lack of space and low light availability have been shown to negatively affect the invasion success of the brown macroalga Sargassum muticum (Staehr et al 2000, Britton-Simmons 2006. However, there is some ongoing debate about which component of diversity is more relevant in preventing community invasions and the mechanisms involved (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagule pressure and functional diversity: interactive effects on a macroalgal invasion process

Vaz-Pinto¹,

Olabarria²,

Arenas³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Invasive species are considered an increasing global threat to marine ecosystems. Understanding which factors can accelerate or reduce invasion success is one of the main goals of invasion ecology. The present study investigated the interactive effects of propagule pressure and native functional diversity on the invasion success of the invasive alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt over a 1 yr invasion process (i.e. settlement, recruitment and colonisation). The invasibility of macroalgal assemblages with different functional diversity was assessed under high and low propagule pressure. Synthetic assemblages resembling natural marine macroalgal assemblages were built and used as model systems. Recruitment discs were used to record early settlement in the assemblages. Recruitment and colonisation success were monitored in the field 2 and 10 mo after exposure to propagule rain in the laboratory. The availability of resources (space and photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]) was also monitored for each assemblage and used as predictive variables in the analyses. The effects of propagule pressure and functional diversity varied among the invasion stages. Space availability did not play a significant role in the recruitment success of the invader. However, PAR was a key resource in its invasion success. Overall, the invasion success of S. muticum was influenced differently by different traits of the recipient assemblages. Hence, invasion success may be better explained by the interaction of environmental factors that co-vary with species diversity and identity at different invasion stages. KEY WORDS: Invasion success · Propagule pressure · Resources · Functional diversity · Sargassum muticum · Macroalgae Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 471: [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] 2012 ultimate goal of any NIS. Understanding which factors influence invasion success through the different stages, and to what extent, is extremely important in invasion ecology (Kolar & Lodge 2001, White & Shurin 2007. Overall, 3 factors are usually cited as determining the fate of invasions: the biology of the introduced species (species invasiveness), the number and frequency of introductions (propagule pressure [PP]) and the susceptibility of the native community to invasion (community invasibility) (Lons dale 1999). Nonetheless, invasion studies are usually focused on only one of these factors (Lonsdale 1999).It is widely accepted that highly diverse communities are more resistant to invasions because of a more complete utilisation of resources, the socalled biotic resistance theory (see Elton 1958, Levine 2000, Fridley et al. 2007 for a review of diversity-invasibility relationships). For benthic algal communities as sessile photosynthetic organisms, space and light are important limiting resources (Sousa 1979). For example, lack of space and low light availability have been shown to negatively affect the invasion success of the brown macroalga Sargass...

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Assessing macrofouling

et al. 2014

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Functional group diversity, resource preemption and the genesis of invasion resistance in a community of marine algae

Cited by 98 publications

References 48 publications

Complementarity in marine biodiversity manipulations: Reconciling divergent evidence from field and mesocosm experiments

Complementarity in marine biodiversity manipulations: Reconciling divergent evidence from field and mesocosm experiments

Propagule pressure and functional diversity: interactive effects on a macroalgal invasion process

Assessing macrofouling

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