“…It is worth mentioning that, after collating 108 papers in this literature pool, we found that there are 51 papers in which GLAMs are involved in VCC activities, among which 32 articles explicitly mention that GLAMs initiate and lead VCC in various cultural heritage projects, and two types of institutions, museums, and libraries, are predominant. Further, the roles played by GLAMs in cultural heritage VCC were identified, including the provision of management (Tanackoviae & Badurina, 2008), collections (Spence, 2005), infrastructures (Borgman et al, 2019; Jarusawat et al, 2018), services (Della Corte et al, 2017), information professionals (Jarusawat et al, 2018; Sabharwal, 2021), and funding (Errichiello & Micera, 2018), as shown in Figure 4. These roles are reflected in some projects initiated and led by GLAMs.…”