Functional Evidence for P2X Receptors in Isolated Human Vagus Nerve

Lang, Philip M.; Sippel, Wolfgang; Schmidbauer, S.; Irnich, Dominik; Grafe, Peter

doi:10.1097/00000542-200307000-00038

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This study does not represent the only direct recording from human sensory nerves; previous in vivo studies have used transcutaneous microneurography in the somatic nervous system25 and studies of afferent activity have also been performed on isolated human vagal and somatic C fibre axons 26 27. However, this study has significant advantages which complement the existing publications on human studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human visceral afferent recordings: preliminary report

Peiris

Bulmer

Baker

et al. 2010

Gut

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human visceral afferent recordings: preliminary report

Peiris

Bulmer

Baker

et al. 2010

Gut

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“…However, recent evidence suggests that both some of the physical stimuli (e.g., heat) and a subset of chemical mediators can activate axons under normal conditions, suggesting that “ectopic” spike initiation is part of regular sensory transduction (Hoffmann et al , 2008; Moalem et al , 2005). These include responses to GABA (Brown and Marsh, 1978), acetylcholine (Armett and Ritchie, 1960; Lang et al , 2003a), serotonin (5-HT) (Lang et al , 2006), and adenosine/ATP (Lang et al , 2003b; Lang et al , 2002). …”

Section: Synaptic and Neuromodulatory Effects On Axonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond faithful conduction: Short-term dynamics, neuromodulation, and long-term regulation of spike propagation in the axon

Bucher¹,

Goaillard²

2011

Progress in Neurobiology

170

190

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Most spiking neurons are divided into functional compartments: a dendritic input region, a soma, a site of action potential initiation, an axon trunk and its collaterals for propagation of action potentials, and distal arborizations and terminals carrying the output synapses. The axon trunk and lower order branches are probably the most neglected and are often assumed to do nothing more than faithfully conducting action potentials. Nevertheless, there are numerous reports of complex membrane properties in non-synaptic axonal regions, owing to the presence of a multitude of different ion channels. Many different types of sodium and potassium channels have been described in axons, as well as calcium transients and hyperpolarization-activated inward currents. The complex time- and voltage-dependence resulting from the properties of ion channels can lead to activity-dependent changes in spike shape and resting potential, affecting the temporal fidelity of spike conduction. Neural coding can be altered by activity-dependent changes in conduction velocity, spike failures, and ectopic spike initiation. This is true under normal physiological conditions, and relevant for a number of neuropathies that lead to abnormal excitability. In addition, a growing number of studies show that the axon trunk can express receptors to glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine or biogenic amines, changing the relative contribution of some channels to axonal excitability and therefore rendering the contribution of this compartment to neural coding conditional on the presence of neuromodulators. Long-term regulatory processes, both during development and in the context of activity-dependent plasticity may also affect axonal properties to an underappreciated extent.

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“…This raises the possibility that afferent axons may be sensitive to purinergic excitation at any site along the path of the axon as it passes through the bladder wall. Sensitivity of vagal and sural nerve C‐fibre afferent axons to ATP has also been reported (Inrich et al ., 2001; 2002; Lang et al ., 2005).…”

Section: Innervation Of the Lutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative control of the lower urinary tract: preclinical perspective

Groat

2006

British J Pharmacology

370

364

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Storage and periodic expulsion of urine is regulated by a neural control system in the brain and spinal cord that coordinates the reciprocal activity of two functional units in the lower urinary tract (LUT): (a) a reservoir (the urinary bladder) and (b) an outlet (bladder neck, urethra and striated muscles of the urethral sphincter). Control of the bladder and urethral outlet is dependent on three sets of peripheral nerves: parasympathetic, sympathetic and somatic nerves that contain afferent as well as efferent pathways. Afferent neurons innervating the bladder have A-d or C-fibre axons. Urine storage reflexes are organized in the spinal cord, whereas voiding reflexes are mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through a coordination centre (the pontine micturition centre) located in the brainstem. Storage and voiding reflexes are activated by mechanosensitive A-d afferents that respond to bladder distension. Many neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide and neuropeptides are involved in the neural control of the LUT. Injuries or diseases of the nervous system as well as disorders of the peripheral organs can produce LUT dysfunctions including: (1) urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence or (2) inefficient voiding and urinary retention. Neurogenic detrusor overactivity is triggered by C-fibre bladder afferent axons, many of which terminate in the close proximity to the urothelium. The urothelial cells exhibit 'neuron-like' properties that allow them to respond to mechanical and chemical stimuli and to release transmitters that can modulate the activity of afferent nerves.

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Functional Evidence for P2X Receptors in Isolated Human Vagus Nerve

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Human visceral afferent recordings: preliminary report

Human visceral afferent recordings: preliminary report

Beyond faithful conduction: Short-term dynamics, neuromodulation, and long-term regulation of spike propagation in the axon

Integrative control of the lower urinary tract: preclinical perspective

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