Functional Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Evidence Versus Daily Practice

Bersch, Ines; Tesini, S; Bersch, Ulf; Frotzler, Angela

doi:10.1111/aor.12618

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Cardiovascular and respiratory rehabilitation for patients actually aims to reverse muscle atrophy and weakness [ 12 , 13 ]. Balance between costs and benefits is debated [ 14 , 15 ], but many practitioners recognize the value of electrical stimulation in their daily clinical practice [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020

Kern

Carraro

2020

Diagnostics

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces muscle wasting that is especially severe after complete and permanent damage of lower motor neurons, as can occur in complete conus and cauda equina syndrome. Even in this worst-case scenario, mass and function of permanently denervated quadriceps muscle can be rescued by surface functional electrical stimulation using a purpose designed home-based rehabilitation strategy. Early diagnostics is a key factor in the long-term success of this management. Function of quadriceps muscle was quantitated by force measurements. Muscle gross cross-sections were evaluated by quantitative color computed tomography (CT) and muscle and skin biopsies by quantitative histology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Two years of treatment that started earlier than 5 years from SCI produced: (a) an increase in cross-sectional area of stimulated muscles; (b) an increase in muscle fiber mean diameter; (c) improvements in ultrastructural organization; and (d) increased force output during electrical stimulation. Improvements are extended to hamstring muscles and skin. Indeed, the cushioning effect provided by recovered tissues is a major clinical benefit. It is our hope that new trials start soon, providing patients the benefits they need.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020

Kern

Carraro

2020

Diagnostics

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“…Positive adaptations of bone mineral density and increased muscle strength are further benefits following electrical stimulation training [10, 11]. Although these improvements help to reduce the risk of pressure sores and fractures, the application of FES is not yet fully integrated into the rehabilitation following severe spinal cord injury because the costs can be high and the health benefits may not be immediately apparent [12]. FES training is often replaced with other rehabilitation programmes or restricted to patients with incomplete lesions where motor learning and carry over effects are expected and observed [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of paralysed quadriceps muscles with sequentially and spatially distributed electrodes during dynamic knee extension

Laubacher

Aksoez

Brust

et al. 2019

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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BackgroundDuring functional electrical stimulation (FES) tasks with able-bodied (AB) participants, spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) has demonstrated substantial improvements in power output and fatigue properties compared to conventional single electrode stimulation (SES). The aim of this study was to compare the properties of SDSS and SES in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) in a dynamic isokinetic knee extension task simulating knee movement during recumbent cycling.MethodUsing a case-series design, m. vastus lateralis and medialis of four participants with motor and sensory complete SCI (AIS A) were stimulated for 6 min on both legs with both electrode setups. With SES, target muscles were stimulated by a pair of electrodes. In SDSS, the distal electrodes were replaced by four small electrodes giving the same overall stimulation frequency and having the same total surface area. Torque was measured during knee extension by a dynamometer at an angular velocity of 110 deg/s. Mean power of the left and right sides (PmeanL,R) was calculated from all stimulated extensions for initial, final and all extensions. Fatigue is presented as an index value with respect to initial power from 1 to 0, whereby 1 means no fatigue.ResultsSDSS showed higher PmeanL,R values for all four participants for all extensions (increases of 132% in participant P1, 100% in P2, 36% in P3 and 18% in P4 compared to SES) and for the initial phase (increases of 84%, 59%, 66%, and 16%, respectively). Fatigue resistance was better with SDSS for P1, P2 and P4 but worse for P3 (0.47 vs 0.35, 0.63 vs 0.49, 0.90 vs 0.82 and 0.59 vs 0.77, respectively).ConclusionConsistently higher PmeanL,R was observed for all four participants for initial and overall contractions using SDSS. This supports findings from previous studies with AB participants. Fatigue properties were better in three of the four participants. The lower fatigue resistance with SDSS in one participant may be explained by a very low muscle activation level in this case. Further investigation in a larger cohort is warranted.

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“…Ines Bersch et al of the Swiss Paraplegic Center Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland noted that FES has clinical evidence in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. Both inpatients and outpatients benefit from the therapeutic effect of the FES.…”

Section: Functional Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Organs 2015: A Year in Review

Malchesky¹

2016

Artificial Organs

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In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2015 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, the International Society for Pediatric Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support, and the Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level." Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for providing their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of their time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers, the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, John Wiley & Sons for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to reporting further advances in the coming years.

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Functional Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Evidence Versus Daily Practice

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020

Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020

Stimulation of paralysed quadriceps muscles with sequentially and spatially distributed electrodes during dynamic knee extension

Artificial Organs 2015: A Year in Review

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