2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00213.x
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Functional Electrical Stimulation Control of Standing and Stepping After Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Technical Characteristics

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Cited by 60 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…Electromyography (EMG), as the conventional modality to monitor skeletal muscle electrical activity, is limited in providing sufficient information on muscle mechanical behaviour [3], focusing only on the electrical aspects (neural control) of muscle function [4]. EMG signal is also not sufficiently suitable to quantify electrically evoked dynamic muscle actions [5]. The exploration of complementary paradigm that is sensitive to the muscle mechanical activities and devoid of inherent electrical noise such as MMG is, therefore, needed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Electromyography (EMG), as the conventional modality to monitor skeletal muscle electrical activity, is limited in providing sufficient information on muscle mechanical behaviour [3], focusing only on the electrical aspects (neural control) of muscle function [4]. EMG signal is also not sufficiently suitable to quantify electrically evoked dynamic muscle actions [5]. The exploration of complementary paradigm that is sensitive to the muscle mechanical activities and devoid of inherent electrical noise such as MMG is, therefore, needed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Histological electrical therapies such as pain management, improving neuromuscular functioning, and allowing joint motility and tissue repair are now clinically available [13e17]. Direct current is also used clinically for electrical stimulation [18,19]. However, the effective mechanisms governing those therapies have yet to be clarified [20e22].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a term which refers to the restoration of motion with the aid of passing electrical signals at appropriate muscles. Loss of the ability for movement usually occurs due to development of disorder in the nervous system usually as a result of accident, disease or damages [1,2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%