Functional diversity of macrobenthic assemblages decreases in response to sewage discharges

Gusmao, Joao B.; Brauko, Kalina M.; Eriksson, Britas Klemens; Lana, Paulo da Cunha

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.01.003

Cited by 108 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…We also find unexpected patterns in FE. In the short term and on local scales, as in pollution events, FE is generally expected to decline in perturbed ecosystems as taxonomic diversity drops and a few stresstolerant or opportunistic species predominate (59,60). However, the opposite appears to be true for the mass extinctions and along the LDG, indicating that exploration of these apparent consequences of scale is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting responses of functional diversity to major losses in taxonomic diversity

Edie

Jablonski

Valentine

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Taxonomic diversity of benthic marine invertebrate shelf species declines at present by nearly an order of magnitude from the tropics to the poles in each hemisphere along the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), most steeply along the western Pacific where shallow-sea diversity is at its tropical maximum. In the Bivalvia, a model system for macroevolution and macroecology, this taxonomic trend is accompanied by a decline in the number of functional groups and an increase in the evenness of taxa distributed among those groups, with maximum functional evenness (FE) in polar waters of both hemispheres. In contrast, analyses of this model system across the two era-defining events of the Phanerozoic, the Permian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinctions, show only minor declines in functional richness despite high extinction intensities, resulting in a rise in FE owing to the persistence of functional groups. We hypothesize that the spatial decline of taxonomic diversity and increase in FE along the present-day LDG primarily reflect diversity-dependent factors, whereas retention of almost all functional groups through the two mass extinctions suggests the operation of diversity-independent factors. Comparative analyses of different aspects of biodiversity thus reveal strongly contrasting biological consequences of similarly severe declines in taxonomic diversity and can help predict the consequences for functional diversity among different drivers of past, present, and future biodiversity loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting responses of functional diversity to major losses in taxonomic diversity

Edie

Jablonski

Valentine

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…org/ package= FD; Laliberté et al 2014). To measure functional diversity, we used functional divergence (FDiv) since it is independent of sampling effort (Villéger et al 2008) and has an advantage over other functional diversity indices to infer environmental status (Gusmao et al 2016, Xu et al 2018b. FDiv was computed using the 'FD' package in R 3.5.3 (Laliberté et al 2014).…”

Section: Trait Analysis and Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of functional diversity and composition in marine benthic ciliates along the coast of China

Soininen

2019

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Large-scale patterns of community composition and diversity along environmental gradients have been well studied for macroorganisms. However, the biogeography of microorganisms, especially ciliated protozoa, remains understudied. Here, we analyzed a comprehensive database of marine benthic ciliates found along the coast of China from 1991 to 2018 to examine the geographical patterns in species and trait composition and functional diversity. According to redundancy analysis conducted at large spatial scales, environmental variables, i.e. habitat type and salinity, explained more variance in species composition than latitude. In contrast, trait composition was better explained by spatial and climatic variables. At small spatial scales, both species and trait composition were probably influenced by mass effects due to the high dispersal ability of ciliates at such small scales, resulting in spatially homogenized communities. Several traits, including body size, feeding type and mobility, exhibited significant positive or negative latitudinal gradients. Functional diversity showed a significant positive correlation with latitude between 20 and 40° N, which may be caused by certain groups of ciliates possessing particular traits related to temperature. Our study is the first comprehensive evaluation of how trait composition and functional diversity of marine ciliated protozoa vary at large scales and can thus make a major contribution to the study of microbial biogeography.

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“…To show this, we record the index as a function of the relative abundances of species as for an ecological assemblage with a group of S species and a total of N individuals. As mentioned previously, ecologists use the observed species relative abundance (i.e., , where ) when calculating the index ( Ricotta, 2004 , 2005a ; Botta-Dukat, 2005 ; Gusmao et al, 2016 ); therefore, the observed Rao’s quadratic diversity index becomes which can also be recognized as the MLE of Rao’s quadratic diversity index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rao’s quadratic diversity index is one of the most important biodiversity metrics that is widely applied to studies of functional and phylogenetic ecology ( Rao, 1982 , 2010 ; Mouchet et al, 2010 ). Its standard computation is to sum up the species’ distance between a pair of species i and j ( d ij ) that is weighted by the product of the relative abundances of both species ( p i and p ij ), given by ( Botta-Dukat, 2005 ; Ricotta, 2005a ; Gusmao et al, 2016 ), where represents the relative abundance distribution of the assemblage with S species. Here, species’ distance can be very flexible, ranging from phylogenetic to functional (or trait) distances ( Ricotta, 2005b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the estimate bias magnitude of the Rao’s quadratic diversity index

Chen

Shen

2018

PeerJ

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Rao’s quadratic diversity index is one of the most widely applied diversity indices in functional and phylogenetic ecology. The standard way of computing Rao’s quadratic diversity index for an ecological assemblage with a group of species with varying abundances is to sum the functional or phylogenetic distances between a pair of species in the assemblage, weighted by their relative abundances. Here, using both theoretically derived and observed empirical datasets, we show that this standard calculation routine in practical applications will statistically underestimate the true value, and the bias magnitude is derived accordingly. The underestimation will become worse when the studied ecological community contains more species or the pairwise species distance is large. For species abundance data measured using the number of individuals, we suggest calculating the unbiased Rao’s quadratic diversity index.

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Functional diversity of macrobenthic assemblages decreases in response to sewage discharges

Cited by 108 publications

References 59 publications

Contrasting responses of functional diversity to major losses in taxonomic diversity

Contrasting responses of functional diversity to major losses in taxonomic diversity

Spatial patterns of functional diversity and composition in marine benthic ciliates along the coast of China

Evaluation of the estimate bias magnitude of the Rao’s quadratic diversity index

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