Functional connectivity within and between intrinsic brain networks correlates with trait mind wandering

Godwin, Christine A.; Hunter, Michael A.; Bezdek, Matthew A.; Lieberman, Gregory; Elkin-Frankston, Seth; Romero, Victoria; Witkiewitz, Katie; Clark, Vincent P.; Schumacher, Eric H.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.006

Cited by 65 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Greater severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention have also been associated with decreased DMN connectivity (Elton et al, 2014;von Rhein et al, 2017). The DMN is characterized by increased activation during rest and mind wandering, and has also been associated with emotional lability (Christoff et al, 2009;Fox et al, 2005;Godwin et al, 2017;Greicius et al, 2003;Martins and Mather, 2016;Mittner et al, 2016;Raichle et al, 2001). Mind wandering has been associated with emotional lability and greater ADHD symptom severity (Helfer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic tractography study in 654 individuals

Damatac

Chauvin

Zwiers

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. ADHD has been related to differences in white matter microstructure, measured by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA). In the largest DWI analysis of ADHD to date, we systematically investigated if FA is associated with: current and lifetime diagnosis, categorical diagnosis and continuous symptom measures, and impairment in daily life.DWI data were obtained from 654 participants (322 unaffected, 258 affected, 74 subthreshold; 7-29 years of age). For each subject, we applied automated global probabilistic tractography with TRACULA on 18 major white matter pathways and linear mixed effects regression models to examine associations with overall brain and tract-specific FA.There was no significant association of FA with current diagnosis or history of ADHD diagnosis, or impairment. Lower FA was significantly associated with higher ADHD symptom severity in the right cingulum's angular bundle (rCAB; P=0.051), and this was mainly driven by hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms (P=0.033). This is the first time global probabilistic tractography has been applied to an ADHD DWI dataset of this size. Our findings suggest that continuous symptom measures may be more sensitive to FA differences in association with ADHD than diagnostic categories. The rCAB may play an important role in hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic tractography study in 654 individuals

Damatac

Chauvin

Zwiers

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Moreover, DMN disintegration was correlated with reports of ego dissolution (Carhart-Harris et al, 2016b ) and decreased mental time travel to the past (Speth et al, 2016 ). These findings are intriguing, because strong DMN connectivity at rest is associated with increased tendency for mental time travel, in particular spontaneous thoughts about the future (Schacter et al, 2007 ; Godwin et al, 2017 ; Karapanagiotidis et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). This suggests that reports of drug-induced ego dissolution may be related to the experience of decreased self-referential thought and mental time travel, which is also fundamental to the practice of meditation.…”

Section: Alterations Of Self-consciousness Induced By Meditation and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness

et al. 2018

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In recent years, the scientific study of meditation and psychedelic drugs has seen remarkable developments. The increased focus on meditation in cognitive neuroscience has led to a cross-cultural classification of standard meditation styles validated by functional and structural neuroanatomical data. Meanwhile, the renaissance of psychedelic research has shed light on the neurophysiology of altered states of consciousness induced by classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, whose effects are mainly mediated by agonism of serotonin receptors. Few attempts have been made at bridging these two domains of inquiry, despite intriguing evidence of overlap between the phenomenology and neurophysiology of meditation practice and psychedelic states. In particular, many contemplative traditions explicitly aim at dissolving the sense of self by eliciting altered states of consciousness through meditation, while classical psychedelics are known to produce significant disruptions of self-consciousness, a phenomenon known as drug-induced ego dissolution. In this article, we discuss available evidence regarding convergences and differences between phenomenological and neurophysiological data on meditation practice and psychedelic drug-induced states, with a particular emphasis on alterations of self-experience. While both meditation and psychedelics may disrupt self-consciousness and underlying neural processes, we emphasize that neither meditation nor psychedelic states can be conceived as simple, uniform categories. Moreover, we suggest that there are important phenomenological differences even between conscious states described as experiences of self-loss. As a result, we propose that self-consciousness may be best construed as a multidimensional construct, and that “self-loss,” far from being an unequivocal phenomenon, can take several forms. Indeed, various aspects of self-consciousness, including narrative aspects linked to autobiographical memory, self-related thoughts and mental time travel, and embodied aspects rooted in multisensory processes, may be differently affected by psychedelics and meditation practices. Finally, we consider long-term outcomes of experiences of self-loss induced by meditation and psychedelics on individual traits and prosocial behavior. We call for caution regarding the problematic conflation of temporary states of self-loss with “selflessness” as a behavioral or social trait, although there is preliminary evidence that correlations between short-term experiences of self-loss and long-term trait alterations may exist.

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“…The mind can start to wander away from the immediate external environment during periods of wakeful rest (akin to task-free, resting-state) as well as during mental activities with externally imposed constraints (akin to experimental task settings). Indeed, the neural underpinnings of MW have been investigated separately in resting-state studies (Doucet et al, 2012;Godwin et al, 2017;Gorgolewski et al, 2014;Poerio et al, 2017;Turnbull et al, 2019;Van Calster, D'Argembeau, Salmon, Peters, & Majerus, 2017; ing the brain dynamics related to MW during rest and task (Christoff et al, 2016;Kucyi, 2017;Zabelina & Andrews-Hanna, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic brain network configurations during rest and an attention task with frequent occurrence of mind wandering

Denkova

Nomi

Uddin

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Mind wandering (MW) has become a prominent topic of neuroscientific investigation due to the importance of understanding attentional processes in our day‐to‐day experiences. Emerging evidence suggests a critical role for three large‐scale brain networks in MW: the default network (DN), the central executive network (CEN), and the salience network (SN). Advances in analytical methods for neuroimaging data (i.e., dynamic functional connectivity, DFC) demonstrate that the interactions between these networks are not static but dynamically fluctuate over time (Chang & Glover, 2010, NeuroImage, 50(1), 81–98). While the bulk of the evidence comes from studies involving resting‐state functional MRI, a few studies have investigated DFC during a task. Direct comparison of DFC during rest and task with frequent MW is scarce. The present study applies the DFC method to neuroimaging data collected from 30 participants who completed a resting‐state run followed by two runs of sustained attention to response task (SART) with embedded probes indicating a high prevalence of MW. The analysis identified five DFC states. Differences between rest and task were noted in the frequency of three DFC states. One DFC state characterized by negative DN–CEN/SN connectivity along with positive CEN–SN connectivity was more frequently observed during task vs. rest. Two DFC states, one of which was characterized by weaker connectivity between networks, were more frequently observed during rest than task. These findings suggest that the dynamic relationships between brain networks may vary as a function of whether ongoing cognitive activity unfolds in an “unconstrained” manner during rest or is “constrained” by task demands.

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Functional connectivity within and between intrinsic brain networks correlates with trait mind wandering

Cited by 65 publications

References 70 publications

White matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic tractography study in 654 individuals

White matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic tractography study in 654 individuals

Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness

Dynamic brain network configurations during rest and an attention task with frequent occurrence of mind wandering

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