Functional Connectivity MR Imaging Reveals Cortical Functional Connectivity in the Developing Brain

Lin, Weili; Zhu, Quan; Gao, Wei; Chen, Y.; Toh, Cheng Hong; Styner, Martin; Gerig, Guido; Ja, Smith; Biswal, Bharat B.; Gilmore, John H.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1256

Cited by 199 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The high-growth association cortex also exhibits the most protracted course of GM maturation than the low-growth visual and sensorimotor cortices (Gogtay et al, 2004;Shaw et al, 2008). In infants, the resting-state networks are present in the lowgrowth sensorimotor, visual, and auditory cortices (Fransson et al, 2007(Fransson et al, , 2011Lin et al, 2008), whereas the default network involving high-growth inferior parietal, prefrontal, and temporal cortices does not fully develop until 2 years of age . Evolutionary high expansion of cortical surface area between macaque and human is also found in the association cortex, including prefrontal, temporal, and parietal association areas (Hill et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the regional variations of the cortical folding, methods for measuring cortical local gyrification have also been proposed (Schaer et al, 2008;Toro et al, 2008;Lebed et al, 2013) to characterize the localized changes of the cortical folding during brain development, aging, and disorders. MR imaging studies have found that global and regional cortical GIs correlate with age (Raznahan et al, 2011), gender (Rogers et al, 2010, and cognitive functions (Luders et al, 2008). However, existing studies of cortical GI development are limited to schoolage children and adolescents (Raznahan et al, 2011;Shaw et al, 2012), whose GIs change little from year to year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age

et al. 2014

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Human cortical folding is believed to correlate with cognitive functions. This likely correlation may have something to do with why abnormalities of cortical folding have been found in many neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about how cortical gyrification, the cortical folding process, develops in the first 2 years of life, a period of dynamic and regionally heterogeneous cortex growth. In this article, we show how we developed a novel infant-specific method for mapping longitudinal development of local cortical gyrification in infants. By using this method, via 219 longitudinal 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans from 73 healthy infants, we systemically and quantitatively characterized for the first time the longitudinal cortical global gyrification index (GI) and local GI (LGI) development in the first 2 years of life. We found that the cortical GI had age-related and marked development, with 16.1% increase in the first year and 6.6% increase in the second year. We also found marked and regionally heterogeneous cortical LGI development in the first 2 years of life, with the high-growth regions located in the association cortex, whereas the low-growth regions located in sensorimotor, auditory, and visual cortices. Meanwhile, we also showed that LGI growth in most cortical regions was positively correlated with the brain volume growth, which is particularly significant in the prefrontal cortex in the first year. In addition, we observed gender differences in both cortical GIs and LGIs in the first 2 years, with the males having larger GIs than females at 2 years of age. This study provides valuable information on normal cortical folding development in infancy and early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age

et al. 2014

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“…Comparable functional network architecture has been revealed in the neonatal brain, albeit in an immature state (Doria et al, 2010a;Fransson et al, 2009;Gao et al, 2014aGao et al, , 2014bGao et al, , 2013Gao et al, , 2009Lin et al, 2008;Smyser et al, 2010) (Figure 3). Primary networks can be clearly depicted in newborn infants and display a mature configuration whilst higher-order networks are largely fragmented (Doria et al, 2010a;Fransson et al, 2009;Gao et al, 2014aGao et al, , 2014bSmyser et al, 2010).…”

Section: Functional Network Developmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A number of studies have focused on the emergence of resting-state networks in fetuses and newborn infants (Alcauter et al, 2015a;Arichi et al, 2010;Fransson et al, 2009, Gao et al, 2014a, 2014b, 2009Lin et al, 2008;Schöpf et al, 2012;Smyser et al, 2010;Thomason et al, 2015). In healthy adults, a distinct set of resting-state networks has been described encompassing brain regions involved in primary functions (i.e.…”

Section: Functional Network Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of functional architecture during early brain development

2017

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Early human brain development constitutes a sequence of intricate processes resulting in the ontogeny of functionally operative neural circuits. Developmental trajectories of early brain network formation are genetically programmed and can be modified by epigenetic and environmental influences. Such alterations may exert profound effects on neurodevelopment, potentially persisting throughout the lifespan. This review focuses on the critical period of fetal and early postnatal brain development. Here we collate findings from neuroimaging studies, with a particular focus on functional MRI research that interrogated early brain network development in both health and high-risk or disease states. First, we will provide an overview of the developmental processes that take place from the embryonic period through early infancy in order to contextualize brain network formation. Second, functional brain network development in the typically developing brain will be discussed. Third, we will touch on prenatal and perinatal risk factors that may interfere with the trajectories of functional brain wiring, including prenatal substance exposure, maternal mental illness and preterm

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“…This is in accordance with network connectivity patterns seen in human (Cordes et al 2001) and monkey (Vincent et al 2007) studies that demonstrated bilateral motor, auditory, and visual networks. In humans, these networks have been shown to be present at birth (Fransson et al 2009;Lin et al 2008). Higher order restingstate networks also exhibit high degrees of synchronization between cortical and subcortical inter-hemispheric homologues (Beckmann et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Networks in the Anesthetized Rat Brain Revealed by Independent Component Analysis of Resting-State fMRI

Hutchison

Mirsattari

Jones

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

149

143

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Hutchison RM, Mirsattari SM, Jones CK, Gati JS, Leung LS. Functional networks in the anesthetized rat brain revealed by independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI. J Neurophysiol 103: 3398-3406, 2010. First published April 21, 2010 doi:10.1152/jn.00141.2010. The rodent brain is organized into functional networks that can be studied through examination of synchronized low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations (LFFs) of the functional magnetic resonance imaging -blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. In this study, resting networks of LFFs were estimated from the whole-brain BOLD signals using independent component analysis (ICA). ICA provides a hypothesis-free technique for determining the functional connectivity map that does not require a priori selection of a seed region. Twenty Long-Evans rats were anesthetized with isoflurane (1%, n ϭ 10) or ketamine/xylazine (50/6 mg · kg Ϫ1 · h Ϫ1 ip, n ϭ 10) and imaged for 5-10 min in a 9.4 T MR scanner without experimental stimulation or task requirement. Independent, synchronous LFFs of BOLD signals were found to exist in clustered, bilaterally symmetric regions of both cortical and subcortical structures, including primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, motor cortices, visual cortices, posterior and anterior cingulate cortices, hippocampi, caudate-putamen, and thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei. The somatosensory and motor cortices typically demonstrated both symmetric and asymmetric components with unique frequency profiles. Similar independent network components were found under isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. The report demonstrates, for the first time, 12 independent resting networks that are bilaterally synchronous in different cortical and subcortical areas of the rat brain.

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Functional Connectivity MR Imaging Reveals Cortical Functional Connectivity in the Developing Brain

Cited by 199 publications

References 36 publications

Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age

Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age

The emergence of functional architecture during early brain development

Functional Networks in the Anesthetized Rat Brain Revealed by Independent Component Analysis of Resting-State fMRI

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