Functional connectivity in human cortical motor system: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study

Matsumoto, Riki; Nair, Dileep; LaPresto, Eric; Bingaman, William; Shibasaki, Hiroshi; Lüders, Hans

doi:10.1093/brain/awl257

Cited by 273 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The presence of ana tomical and functional connections between M l and the premotor medial areas has been demonstrated in both nonhuman primate studies (e.g.. He et al, 1995;Morecraft and Van Hoesen, 1992; for a review see Dum and Strick, 2002] and human studies using electrical stimulation (e.g., Matsumoto et al, 2007] and combinations of different tech niques (for some good examples see [fohansen-Berg et al, 2004], combining diffusion tensor imaging and fMRI; [Fox et al, 1997] and [Siebner et al, 2000] both combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and PET). Functional connec tivity (EC) has been used very recently to parcellate SMA and pre-SMA, based on the similarity of their connection to the whole brain, as reflected by correlation during rest ing state [Kim et al, 2009], as well as to explore the corre lations of rostral and caudal cingulate motor areas with the rest of the brain [Habas, 2010].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Discovering the somatotopic organization of the motor areas of the medial wall using low‐frequency bold fluctuations

Cauda¹,

Geminiani²,

D’Agata³

et al. 2010

Human Brain Mapping

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bstract: This study explored the somatotopy of the motor areas of the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere, in the human brain. In a sample of 16 healthy participants, we drew 9 regions of interest (ROI) over the primary motor area (M l), each corresponding to a well-known somatic representation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the resting state functional connectivity between each selected ROI and the motor areas of the medial wall. The main finding was the identifi cation of a rostrocaudal gradient of connectivity in which the more we move from cranial to caudal body representation areas in M l, the more the corresponding connected area in the medial wall is shifted rostrocaudally, confirming the somatotopic schema found in the SMA. We also reanalyzed data obtained in a previous experiment, we performed using hand and foot motor tasks; the reanalysis con sisted in traditional BOLD and functional connectivity analyses. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of 28 studies of hand and foot motor tasks, mapping their cerebral representations using the tools pro vided by the Brainmap database. All data converge in confirming a somatotopic representation of the medial wall motor areas, with hand representation placed more rostrally and ventrally than that of the foot. Hum Brain Mapp 32:1566Mapp 32: -1579Mapp 32: , 2011 e 2010 W iiey-Liss, inc.Keywords: motor areas; medial wall; supplementary motor area; SMA; cingulate motor areas; resting state; functional connectivity; seed voxel correlation; functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI; somatotopy IN T R O D U C T IO NEver since they were first identified, the motor areas of the medial wall have remained, in large part, a mystery. Originally the only recognized motor area in the mesial face of the brain was the supplementary motor area (SMA), located in the medial portion of Brodmann's cytoarchitectonic area 6 [Penfield and Welch, 1951; Woolsey et al., 1952]. This knowledge was derived through electrical stimulation of the cortical surface of the human brain during surgery for brain tumors. We now know of five premotor areas, located in subfields of Brod mann's areas 6, 23, and 24. These premotor areas include the SMA, the pre-SMA [Rizzolatti et a l, 1996;Tanji 1996], and three areas located within the cingulate sulcus-the rostral, dorsal, and ventral cingulate motor areas (CMAr, CM Ad, and CMAv, respectively). The SMA and pre-SMA are located in the dorsomedial frontal cortex, rostrally to the leg representation of the primary motor cortex (M l). The SMA is located caudal to the vertical projection of the commissure, while the pre-SMA lies rostral to this line. The three cingulate motor areas are located within the homonym sulcus: the CMAr and CMAv in the ventral bank of the sulcus and the CMAd in the dorsal bank; each cingulate motor area corresponds to a different cytoarchitectonic field.The somatotopic organization of the motor areas of the medial wall was originally studied in nonhuman primates by observing movements evoked by int...

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

Discovering the somatotopic organization of the motor areas of the medial wall using low‐frequency bold fluctuations

Cauda¹,

Geminiani²,

D’Agata³

et al. 2010

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Lü ders and colleagues were one of the first groups to employ CCEP mapping to investigate the connectivity within functional networks, specifically motor and language regions [50,63]. One advantage of CCEP mapping is the examination of the reciprocity between regions-that is, how often stimulation of site A evokes a CCEP at site B, when stimulation of site B evokes a CCEP at site A.…”

Section: (B) Overview Of Cortico-cortical Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping human brain networks with cortico-cortical evoked potentials

Keller

Honey

Mégevand

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

174

212

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The cerebral cortex forms a sheet of neurons organized into a network of interconnected modules that is highly expanded in humans and presumably enables our most refined sensory and cognitive abilities. The links of this network form a fundamental aspect of its organization, and a great deal of research is focusing on understanding how information flows within and between different regions. However, an often-overlooked element of this connectivity regards a causal, hierarchical structure of regions, whereby certain nodes of the cortical network may exert greater influence over the others. While this is difficult to ascertain non-invasively, patients undergoing invasive electrode monitoring for epilepsy provide a unique window into this aspect of cortical organization. In this review, we highlight the potential for cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) mapping to directly measure neuronal propagation across large-scale brain networks with spatio-temporal resolution that is superior to traditional neuroimaging methods. We first introduce effective connectivity and discuss the mechanisms underlying CCEP generation. Next, we highlight how CCEP mapping has begun to provide insight into the neural basis of non-invasive imaging signals. Finally, we present a novel approach to perturbing and measuring brain network function during cognitive processing. The direct measurement of CCEPs in response to electrical stimulation represents a potentially powerful clinical and basic science tool for probing the large-scale networks of the human cerebral cortex.

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“…11,14,23 The rostral border of the PM was defined as 30-35, 15-30, and 15-20 mm rostral to the precentral sulcus in the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, respectively. 11,23 The medial PM, which is above the cingulate sulcus, was subdivided into rostral pre-SMA and caudal SMA parts. The vertical anterior-commissural line was used as a landmark to differentiate between pre-SMA and SMA.…”

Section: Implantation Of Seeg Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vertical anterior-commissural line was used as a landmark to differentiate between pre-SMA and SMA. 10,23 The vertical posterior-commissural (VPC) line was also used as an anatomical landmark to differentiate between the SMA and paracentral lobule (PCL). 10 The remaining area of the frontal lobe anterior to the PM was defined as the PFC.…”

Section: Implantation Of Seeg Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity of the frontal and anterior insular network: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study

Enatsu

González-Martínez

Bulacio

et al. 2016

JNS

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OBJECT The frontal and insular fiber network in humans remains largely unknown. This study investigated the connectivity of the frontal and anterior insular network in humans using cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP). METHODS This retrospective analysis included 18 patients with medically intractable focal epilepsy who underwent stereoelectroencephalography and CCEP. Alternating 1-Hz electrical stimuli were delivered to parts of the frontal lobe and anterior insula (prefrontal cortex [PFC], ventrolateral and dorsolateral premotor area [vPM and dPM, respectively], presupplementary motor area [pre-SMA], SMA, frontal operculum, and anterior insula). A total of 40–60 stimuli were averaged in each trial to obtain CCEP responses. The distribution of CCEP was evaluated by calculating the root mean square of CCEP responses. RESULTS Stimulation of the PFC elicited prominent CCEP responses in the medial PFC and PMs over the ipsilateral hemisphere. Stimulation of the vPM and dPM induced CCEP responses in the ipsilateral frontoparietal areas. Stimulation of the pre-SMA induced CCEP responses in the ipsilateral medial and lateral frontal areas and contralateral pre-SMA, whereas stimulation of the SMA induced CCEP responses in the bilateral frontoparietal areas. Stimulation of the frontal operculum induced CCEP responses in the ipsilateral insula and temporal operculum. CCEPs were observed in the ipsilateral medial, lateral frontal, and frontotemporal operculum in the anterior insular stimulation. Stimulation of the vPM and SMA led to the network in the dominant hemisphere being more developed. CONCLUSIONS Various regions within the frontal lobe and anterior insula were linked to specific ipsilateral and contralateral regions, which may reflect distinct functional roles.

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Functional connectivity in human cortical motor system: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study

Cited by 273 publications

References 80 publications

Discovering the somatotopic organization of the motor areas of the medial wall using low‐frequency bold fluctuations

Discovering the somatotopic organization of the motor areas of the medial wall using low‐frequency bold fluctuations

Mapping human brain networks with cortico-cortical evoked potentials

Connectivity of the frontal and anterior insular network: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study

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