Functional conductive hydrogels: from performance to flexible sensor applications

Li, Quancai; Tian, Bin; Ji, Liang; Wu, Wei

doi:10.1039/d3qm00109a

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…The synthetic procedure was modified from ref . Gelatin (3.00 g) was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline solution (60 mL) and placed in a reflux system at 50 °C until the solution became fully dissolved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several strategies have been employed to prepare conductive hydrogels, including using conductive fillers/dopants, conductive monomers, or polymers, introducing free ions, and incorporating new conductive network structures. − For this study, conductive monomers were selected as they offer both conductivity and the ability to cross-link with other polymers. This combination can also serve as a scaffold, facilitating better regulation of the physical and mechanical properties of the hydrogel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composite Hydrogel Modified with Gelatin-Imidazole: A Conductive and Adhesive Hydrogel

Zhang,

Liu,

Chu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Wearable sensors have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, sports, and overall well-being by offering personalized, continuous monitoring and actionable insights. They empower individuals to proactively manage their health, enhance clinical diagnostics, and advance preventive and precision healthcare. In this study, we developed conductive hydrogels containing acrylamide (AAM), polyacrylamide (PAAM), chemically modified poly(ethylene glycol) (DF-PEG), gelatin (Gel-ICM), and imidazole (SBVI). The investigation focused on the influence of different SBVI amounts on the hydrogel's mechanical and electrical properties. Specifically, we labeled hydrogels with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% w/v SBVI as CH-0, CH-0.5, CH-1, CH-1.5, and CH-2, respectively. Our experimental results showed a 165% increase in elongation at break and a 63% decrease in electrical resistance for CH-1 compared to the CH-0 hydrogel. Moreover, the consistent relative resistance responses observed across various human joint movements, different strain rate tests, and durability assessments underscore the reliability and versatility of the CH-1 hydrogel as a strain sensor for potential applications in wearable electronic devices and biomechanical monitoring systems. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers in designing hydrogel-based materials with tailored electrical properties, unlocking their potential for a wide array of cutting-edge applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Hydrogel Modified with Gelatin-Imidazole: A Conductive and Adhesive Hydrogel

Zhang,

Liu,

Chu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…Nevertheless, durability has been shown to be a limiting concern for applications based on MXene, and it has been demonstrated that synthesizing MXene into hydrogels considerably improves the stability of these applications. Because of their one-of-a-kind and intricate gel structure as well as their distinct method of gelation, MXene hydrogels call for extensive investigation and innovation at the nanoscale level . Although there has been a significant amount of research conducted on the use of MXene-based composites in electronics, the synthesis techniques and utilization of MXene-based hydrogels for wearable electronics are still rather uncommon.…”

Section: Mxene-based Wearable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Smart Materials in an Expanding Smart World: MXene-Based Wearable Electronics and Their Advantageous Applications

Amani,

Tayebi,

Abbasi

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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As a result of the transformation of inflexible electronic structures into flexible and stretchy devices, wearable electronics now provide great advantages in a variety of fields, including mobile healthcare sensing and monitoring, human− machine interfaces, portable energy storage and harvesting, and more. Because of their enriched surface functionalities, large surface area, and high electrical conductivity, transition metal nitrides and carbides (also known as MXenes) have recently come to be extensively considered as a group of functioning twodimensional nanomaterials as well as exceptional fundamental elements for forming flexible electronics devices. This Review discusses the most recent advancements that have been made in the field of MXene-enabled flexible electronics for wearable electronics. The emphasis is placed on extensively established nonstructural features in order to highlight some MXene-enabled electrical devices that were constructed on a nanometric scale. These attributes include devices configured in three dimensions: printed materials, bioinspired structures, and textile and planar substrates. In addition, sample applications in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, energy, healthcare, and humanoid control of machinery illustrate the exceptional development of these nanodevices. The increasing potential of MXene nanoparticles as a new area in next-generation wearable electronic technologies is projected in this Review. The design challenges associated with these electronic devices are also discussed, and possible solutions are presented.

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“…Consequently, CHs have become ideal candidates for wearable sensors. Generally, they should have a combination of three features to precisely transform human movements into detectable signals 7,9,[19][20][21][22][23] : (i) skin-comparable mechanical properties and selfadhesive capability to avoid motion artifacts, (ii) stable and high sensitivity to transform human motions into electrical signals, and (iii) low detect limit and quick response to recognize subtle movements. Despite successful achievements in CHs, this combination remains difficult to realize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic strain sensors to realize skin‐comparable performances

Wang,

Deng,

Luo

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are promising candidates for wearable devices. However, it remains challenging for traditional CHs to realize a combination of self‐adhesive and skin‐comparable performances. Herein, a stretch‐induced orientation strategy was demonstrated to achieve this goal. The hydrogel was fabricated from poly(vinyl alcohol), aluminum sulfate, tannin acid, and deionized water, which exhibited skin‐comparable elastic modulus (26.3 kPa), stretchability (180%), and water content (87.6%). Meanwhile, it had anisotropic properties. For instance, the mechanical and anisotropy ratios between parallel and orthogonal directions were 1.77 and 2.02, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of free ions within regular conductive channels imparted stable conductivity (gauge factor of 2.2 within 200% strains), fast response (0.2 s), and low detect limit (a strain of 0.2%). Additionally, the existence of catechol groups from tannin acid enabled self‐adhesion ability (adhesion strength of 73.9 kPa). All of these merits show promising potential in wearable devices and electronic skins.

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Functional conductive hydrogels: from performance to flexible sensor applications

Abstract: Due to the good biocompatibility and easy regulation of hydrogels, hydrogel-based flexible sensors have flourished in the fields of wearable electronics, electronic skin, and soft robotics in recent years. The...

Cited by 28 publications

References 204 publications

Composite Hydrogel Modified with Gelatin-Imidazole: A Conductive and Adhesive Hydrogel

Composite Hydrogel Modified with Gelatin-Imidazole: A Conductive and Adhesive Hydrogel

The Need for Smart Materials in an Expanding Smart World: MXene-Based Wearable Electronics and Their Advantageous Applications

Anisotropic strain sensors to realize skin‐comparable performances

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