Functional Components, Antioxidant Activity and Hypoglycemic Ability Following Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Digestion of Pigments from Walnut Brown Shell and Green Husk

Sun, Yanan; Li, Shanshan; Zeng, Fanhang; Qi, Jingyi; Qin, Wen; Tan, Cui; Luo, Qingying; Wu, Ding‐Tao; Zhang, Qing; Lin, Derong; Hong, Chen

doi:10.3390/antiox8120573

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was determined as previously described by Sun et al. (2019) and slightly modified in our laboratory. In brief, 0.4 ml of DPPH solution (0.2 mmol/L) was mixed with 0.4 ml sample solution in a 10 ml tube and dissolved in absolute methyl ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was carried out according to the method of Sun et al. (2019) and modified in our laboratory. In brief, 100 μl of the sample solution was absorbed into a test tube, and then 3.0 ml of FRAP working fluid was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total reducing power (RP) assay was performed on the basis of the method of Sun et al. (2019) with some modification. In brief, 200 μl sample solution was mixed with 0.2 ml Na 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 0.2 ml K 3 Fe(CN) 6 aqueous solution (1 g/100 ml), and then the mixture was shook well.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of digestion on bound phenolic content, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic ability of insoluble dietary fibre from four Triticeae crops

Liu

Luo

et al. 2021

J. Food Biochem.

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To assess the physiological functions of bound phenols in insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from different Triticeae crops, bound phenols in IDF were extracted from wheat, triticale, barley and quinoa. In addition, model in vitro was established and used in evaluating the release of bound phenols and changes in their physiological functions after simulated digestion. Results showed that bound phenol content in IDF from Triticeae crops before digestion was higher than which during digestion, and its physiological functions were also better (p < .05). Moreover, barley extracted before digestion, its bound phenolic content in IDF was higher than those in other three Triticeae crops, besides,its bound phenol also showed better antioxidant ability. Before digestion, bound phenols in IDF from triticale showed the best hypoglycemic ability (the inhibition rate of α‐glucosidase was 95%; the inhibition rate of α‐amylase was 97%). In the simulated digestion model, the bound phenols were mainly released during the intestinal digestion stage, they showed better physiological functions than which released at the gastric digestion stage. The bound phenol content in triticale was higher and its physiological functions was better than those in the other crops. Practical applications The results of this experiment showed that the release of bound phenols measured by chemical extraction (i.e., before digestion) was higher than that by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Compared with the chemical extraction method, in vitro gastro‐intestinal digestion simulates the pH value and enzyme environment of food in the human body gastrointestinal digestion process more effectively. This study can provide reference for selecting Triticeae crops feeding in the future. To be more precise, bound phenol content in the insoluble dietary fiber of barley was the highest before digestion. The bound phenol in the insoluble dietary fiber of triticale had the best hypoglycemic ability. The bound phenolic compounds are mainly released during intestinal digestion, and their physiological functions are better than that in gastric digestion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of digestion on bound phenolic content, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic ability of insoluble dietary fibre from four Triticeae crops

Liu

Luo

et al. 2021

J. Food Biochem.

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“…As shown in Table 3, the crude homogenates W and W/O the symbiont showed higher antioxidant capacity than their digestion products. In fact, Sun et al (2019) described that pH conditions and digestive enzymatic activity may reduce the ability of ABTS radical scavenging of some substances [54]. Interestingly, samples of crude homogenates W/O the symbiont and their dialyzed digestion products showed significantly higher capacity of uptake/retention of free radicals (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Assessment Of Free Radicals' Uptake/retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemonia sulcata and Its Symbiont Symbiodinium as a Source of Anti-Tumor and Anti-Oxidant Compounds for Colon Cancer Therapy: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

Cabeza

Peña

Martínez

et al. 2021

Biology

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Recently, invertebrate marine species have been investigated for the presence of natural products with antitumor activity. We analyzed the invertebrate Anemonia sulcata with (W) and without (W/O) the presence of its microalgal symbiont Symbiodinium as a source of bioactive compounds that may be applied in the therapy and/or prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Animals were mechanically homogenized and subjected to ethanolic extraction. The proximate composition and fatty acid profile were determined. In addition, an in vitro digestion was performed to study the potentially dialyzable fraction. The antioxidant and antitumor activity of the samples and the digestion products were analyzed in CRC cells in vitro. Our results show a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the anemone and a great antioxidant capacity, which demonstrated the ability to prevent cell death and a high antitumor activity of the crude homogenates against CRC cells and multicellular tumor spheroids, especially W/O symbiont. These preliminary results support that Anemonia sulcata could be a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antitumor potential against CRC and that the absence of its symbiont may enhance these properties. Further studies will be necessary to define the bioactive compounds of Anemonia sulcata and their mechanisms of action.

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“…In particular, the shell plays an important role in fruit development [ 3 ], during harvest and transport [ 4 , 5 ], and even during the process of storage [ 6 ]. Shell can also be used to make xylose [ 7 ], medium [ 8 ], activated carbon [ 9 ], and extracted pigment [ 10 ], which are widely utilized. In particular, a significant correlation exists between the shell structure and quality of walnut kernel [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background The walnut shell, which is composed of a large number of sclereids originating from the lignified parenchyma of the endocarp, plays an important role in fruit development and during harvesting and storage. The physical and chemical properties of walnut shells are closely related to the lignin content. Laccase is the key enzyme responsible for lignin biosynthesis by the polymerization of monolignols and plays crucial roles in secondary cell wall formation in plants. In this study, we screened and identified laccase family genes from the walnut genome and investigated the expression of laccase during endocarp lignification in walnut. Results A total of 37 laccase genes were screened from the walnut genome and distributed on nine chromosomes and classified into 6 subfamilies, among which subfamily IV showed distinct expansion. We observed that endocarp lignification started 44 days after flowering (DAF), and at later periods, the lignin content increased rapidly, with growth peaks at 44–50 DAF and 100–115 DAF. The lignification of the endocarp proceeded from the outside to the inside, as demonstrated by section staining in combination with endocarp staining. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of laccase family genes in the endocarp at different developmental stages were studied, and JrLACs showed different expression trends. The expression of nine genes showed significant increase after 44 DAF, and among these, JrLAC12–1, JrLAC12–2 and JrLAC16 showed a significant change in expression at the lignification stage. A study of the expression of JrLACs in different tissues and at various endocarp developmental stages revealed, that most JrLACs were expressed at low levels in mature tissues and at high levels in young tissues, in particular, JrLAC12–1 showed high expression in the young stems. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of JrLAC12–1 and the variation in the lignin content in the endocarp. Conclusion Laccase genes play an important role in the lignification of the walnut endocarp, and JrLACs play different roles during fruit development. This study shows that JrLAC12–1 may play a key role in the lignification of endocarp.

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Functional Components, Antioxidant Activity and Hypoglycemic Ability Following Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Digestion of Pigments from Walnut Brown Shell and Green Husk

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of digestion on bound phenolic content, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic ability of insoluble dietary fibre from four Triticeae crops

Effect of digestion on bound phenolic content, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic ability of insoluble dietary fibre from four Triticeae crops

Anemonia sulcata and Its Symbiont Symbiodinium as a Source of Anti-Tumor and Anti-Oxidant Compounds for Colon Cancer Therapy: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp

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