Functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline in 435 elderly nursing home residents after the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Pérez-Rodríguez, Patricia; Bustamante, Macarena Díaz de; Molla, S. Aparicio; Arenas, María Caridad; Jiménez-Armero, Susana; Esclapez, Pilar Lacosta; González–Espinoza, Liliana; Boixareu, Cristina Bermejo

doi:10.1007/s41999-021-00524-1

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the study by Tsapanou et al [ 9 ] conducted among 204 family caregivers of older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia who reported a significant overall decline in the patients. Other studies in smaller groups of patients [ 10 ] or in nursing home residents [ 11 ] also support these findings.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Decline before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the PA-COVID Survey

Amieva

Retuerto

Hernandez-Ruiz

et al. 2022

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Introduction: Even though several studies reported good resilience capacities in older adults in the first period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in the long run, social isolation induced by the protective measures adopted by most countries may negatively impact cognitive functioning. Taking the advantage of measures collected up to 15 years before the pandemic in participants followed up in epidemiological studies, we compared cognitive decline before and after the start of the pandemic. Methods: PA-COVID is a phone survey designed in the framework of ongoing population-based studies (PAQUID, 3-City, Approche Multidisciplinaire Intégrée cohorts). Data on social functioning and mental health were collected in participants aged 80 years and older during the pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, the participants followed up in the prospective studies completed the Mini-Mental State Examination. During the PA-COVID survey, they underwent the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A score was computed with the 11 items shared by the 2 tests. Our analysis was carried out in the participants for whom a cognitive measure was available up to 15 years before the pandemic and during the pandemic (n = 263). Results: Compared to the slow decline of the cognitive subscore observed during the 15 years preceding the pandemic, mixed models showed an acceleration of decline after the start of the pandemic (β = −0.289, p value <0.001). Conclusions: With a design allowing comparing cognitive trajectory before and after the pandemic, this is the first study reporting an accelerated decline in older adults. Future COVID research in older adults will need to pay special attention to cognitive outcomes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Decline before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the PA-COVID Survey

Amieva

Retuerto

Hernandez-Ruiz

et al. 2022

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…It has been reported that COVID-19 causes deterioration of cognitive function and behavioral disorders in patients with dementia [ 27 , 28 ]. In addition, patients with dementia showed worsened neuropsychiatric symptoms [ 29 ] and increased depressive symptoms [ 30 , 31 ] because of social isolation. These reports suggested that the deterioration of cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia are influenced by restricted outings, restricted visits, and interruption of cognitive rehabilitation to prevent the spread of COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health of Caregivers Working in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Takahashi

Ekoyama

Tachikawa

et al. 2022

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Introduction: There have been numerous reports of cluster outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitals and nursing homes. Healthcare workers fighting COVID-19 experience mental health issues. Caregivers in nursing homes experienced increased psychological distress and concern about deterioration of their mental health. We conducted a large-scale web-based survey exploring mental health among caregivers working in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic with the aim of identifying their support needs. Methods: Survey participants were caregivers working at 284 nursing homes in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. The survey period was from September 2020 to March 2021. Participants responded to a questionnaire covering gender, age, occupation, infections at facilities, infection protection, changes in nursing home users, cooperation with other medical institutions, and prejudice/discrimination. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate participants’ depression and anxiety. Results: In total, 676 participants completed the survey; 350 (52.5%) were with anxiety symptoms and 378 (56.7%) were with depressive symptoms (scores exceeding the HADS cut-off points). The risk for anxiety was associated with being care worker or social worker. The risk of anxiety or depression was high when family caregivers’ mental state changed. Discussion/Conclusion: This study found that caregivers working in nursing homes were exposed to high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and were at high risk for developing depression and anxiety.

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“…Further to this Low et al [ 28 ] (p. 2) have recommended that “Family caregivers’ should be designated as essential partners in a resident’s care during the pandemic and be able to have more frequent, longer hands-on visits if they can be supported to do so safely and that Care homes should receive additional government funding and support to implement safe visiting practices” [ 28 ]. Many felt that the lack of social interaction and change in routine led to cognitive and physical deterioration of their relative (including worsening of mood and increase in behavioral problems) [ 29 , 30 ]. It was clear given the frequency and purpose of visits of the respondents that the absence of their input in care provision and social activities would leave a visible impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experience of COVID-19 Visitor Restrictions among Families of People Living in Long-Term Residential Care Facilities during the First Wave of the Pandemic in Ireland

Cornally

Kilty

Buckley³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Public health responses to COVID-19 in long-term residential care facilities (LTRCFs) have restricted family engagement with residents. These restrictions impact on quality of care and the psychosocial and emotional well-being of family caregivers. Following a national cross-sectional web-based survey, respondents were invited to provide personal reflections on visitor restrictions. This study aims to describe the consequences of these restrictions for individuals living in LTRCF and their families during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from open-ended questions contained within the survey were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method of thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: 1. Altered Communication and Connection; 2. Emotional and Psychological Impact; 3. Protecting and Caring Role of Staff; 4. Family Role. Throughout the narrative accounts, it is evident that the visitor restrictions impacted on the emotional and mental well-being of families. Some respondents expressed frustration that they could not assist staff in essential care provision, reducing meaning and purpose in their own lives. COVID-19 LTRCF visitor restrictions made little distinction between those providing essential personal care and those who visit for social reasons. A partnership approach to care provision is important and should encompass strategies to maintain the psychosocial and emotional well-being of families and their relatives during times of self-isolating or restrictive measures.

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Functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline in 435 elderly nursing home residents after the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Decline before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the PA-COVID Survey

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Decline before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the PA-COVID Survey

Mental Health of Caregivers Working in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Experience of COVID-19 Visitor Restrictions among Families of People Living in Long-Term Residential Care Facilities during the First Wave of the Pandemic in Ireland

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