Functional Coatings by Natural and Synthetic Agents for Insect Control and Their Applications

Abstract

Insect repellent textiles offer protection against disease-causing vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, and ticks. Protection is based on the incorporation of insect repellent compounds present in plant oil derivatives or synthetic oils. The effectiveness and application of natural insect repellents such as citronella grass, lemongrass, rosemary, peppermint, holy basil, tea tree, neem, lavender, thyme, lemon eucalyptus, clove, and cinnamon oils, as well as synthetic compounds permethrin, allethrin, malathion, DEET, DETA, IR3535, and picaridin, are compared here. The insect repellent and insecticidal effectiveness of natural compounds in their pure form are very low due to their high volatility. The effectiveness has been greatly improved through slow-release systems such as encapsulation of the essential oils and is comparable to synthetic compounds used for insect control purposes. Due to the lasting toxicity of synthetic compounds to humans and the environment, the use of natural compounds should become a more preferred method of insect control.

A Chemical Approach to Obtaining α-copaene from Clove Oil and Its Application in the Control of the Medfly

“…Also, clove oil was demonstrated to be effective in the attraction of other related tephritids [89]. However, contrarily, clove oil has also an important property as a biopesticide [90][91][92]. As a result, in this study, a variety of fractions were obtained, which, in the case of the distillation of the DCO, turned out to have a content in α-copaene between 1.64 to 2.85-fold more concentrated than the original oil (i.e., corresponding to the first three fractions); and, in the case of fractions corresponding to the distillation of IF between 1.62 to 2.11-fold (i.e., corresponding to the first two fractions).…”

Toxicology study of Eucalyptus citriodora on the insect Doleschallia bisaltidae

“…Both of these compounds are classified as lipophilic monoterpenoid compounds with high volatility. This allows the compounds to penetrate the insect's skin more quickly so that in the end it can affect the physiological function (disrupts the metabolism of the insect and deters feeding) of insects [33,34].…”

“…There are several possibilities regarding the factors that support this occurrence, including its volatile nature and the presence of a repellent effect on E. citriodora. As one of the substantial components of E. citriodora, citronella is known to have fast evaporation and repellent properties [34]. Several studies have shown E. citriodora to have a repellent effect against some insects such as Zabrotes subfasciatus [35], S. zeamais [36], and Prostephanus truncatus [37].…”

Comparative analysis of essential oil efficacy against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

“…Natural essential oils have received attention as potential candidates for tick control, due to their bioactive properties and relatively low environmental impact. These oils contain active compounds such as eugenol, cineole, linalool, and menthol, which have demonstrated insecticidal and repellent properties against various ticks, mosquitoes, and flies [ 4 ]. While previous research has explored the efficacy of individual essential oils against ticks, comparative analyses are still required to determine which oil offers the most effective and practical tick control solution.…”