Functional characterization of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172, a new Pm60 allele and its allelic variation in wild emmer wheat

Wu, Qiuhong; Chen, Yongxing; Li, Beibei; Li, Jing; Zhang, Panpan; Xie, Jingzhong; Zhang, Huaizhi; Guo, Guanghao; Lü, Ping; Li, Miaomiao; Zhü, Kèyù; Li, Wenling; Fahima, Tzion; Nevo, Eviatar; Li, Hongjie; Dong, Lingli; Liu, Zhiyong

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.010

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These collections can be used for identifying valuable genes for wheat breeding. To date, several genes have been already cloned from WEW ex situ collections, including the powdery mildew resistance genes Pm41 and TdPm60 that encode NLR immune receptors 8,9,37 , the yellow rust resistance genes Yr15 (WTK1 ) that encodes a tandem kinase-pseudokinase protein domains and Yr36 (WKS1 ) that encodes a protein with kinase and START lipid-binding like domains 49,50 . In the current study, we cloned the Pm69 gene from a WEW accession G305-3M which confers wide-spectrum resistance to a worldwide collection of 55 Bgt isolates (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, only two were cloned, the Pm41 localized on chromosome arm 3BL and TdPm60 localized on chromosome arm 7AL. Pm41 and TdPm60 showed abundance of 1.81% and 25.6% among the tested natural WEW accessions, respectively 8,9,37 . Pm69 (PmG3M ), identified from WEW accession G305-3M, is a dominant gene conferring a wide-spectrum resistance to Bgt isolates from around the globe 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pm3b/Pm8, Pm2a, Pm21, Pm60/MlIW172, Pm5e, Pm41 and Pm1a encode nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . Pm24 encodes a tandem kinase protein and Pm4 encodes a putative chimeric protein of a serine/threonine kinase, multiple C2 domains, and transmembrane regions 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning ofPm69by resolving the complexity of a rapidly evolving resistance gene cluster in wheat

Wei

Sela

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gene cloning in repeat-rich polyploid genomes remains challenging. Here we describe a strategy for overcoming major bottlenecks in the cloning of the powdery mildew (Pm) resistance gene (R-gene)Pm69derived from tetraploid wild emmer wheat (WEW). A conventional positional cloning approach encountered suppressed recombination due to structural variations, while chromosome sorting yielded an insufficient purity level. APm69physical map, constructed by assembling ONT long-read genome sequences, revealed a rapidly evolving nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R-gene cluster. A single candidate NLR was identified within this cluster by anchoring RNASeq reads of susceptible mutants to ONT contigs and was validated by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach.Pm69, comprising Rx_N with RanGAP interaction sites, NB-ARC, and LRR domains, is probably a newly evolved NLR discovered only in one location across the WEW distribution range in the Fertile Crescent.Pm69was successfully introgressed into durum and bread wheat, and a diagnostic molecular marker could be used to accelerate its deployment and pyramiding with other resistance genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning ofPm69by resolving the complexity of a rapidly evolving resistance gene cluster in wheat

Wei

Sela

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The wild emmer wheat ( T. dicoccoides ) harbors the Pm60 allele ( TdPm60 ), which is an ortholog of Pm60 from T. urartu . TdPm60 was found to be present in the wild emmer donor lines of resistance genes PmG16 [ 8 ], MlWE18 [ 12 ], MlIW72 [ 13 ], and MlIW172 [ 14 ]. Among them, MlWE18 and MlIW172 were confirmed to be the functional alleles of Pm60 by using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and genetic transformation [ 12 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TdPm60 was found to be present in the wild emmer donor lines of resistance genes PmG16 [ 8 ], MlWE18 [ 12 ], MlIW72 [ 13 ], and MlIW172 [ 14 ]. Among them, MlWE18 and MlIW172 were confirmed to be the functional alleles of Pm60 by using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and genetic transformation [ 12 , 14 ]. TdPm60 constitutes a strong candidate for PmG16 mildew resistance [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype Analysis Sheds Light on the Genetic Evolution of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Locus Pm60 in Triticum Species

et al. 2023

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Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt, recently clarified as B. graminis s. str.), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. Pm60 is a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene that confers race-specific resistance to Bgt. Allelic variants (Pm60, Pm60a, and Pm60b) were found in Triticum urartu and T. dicoccoides, the wild progenitors of wheat. In the present study, we studied the diversity of the Pm60 locus in a large set of wheat germplasm and found 20 tetraploid wheats harboring the Pm60 alleles, which correspond to three novel haplotypes (HapI–HapIII). HapI (Pm60 allele) and HapII (Pm60a allele) were present in domesticated tetraploid wheats, whereas HapIII (Pm60a allele) was identified in wild tetraploid T. araraticum. A sequence comparison of HapII and HapIII revealed that they differed by three SNPs and a GCC deletion. Results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that HapII was more closely related to the functional haplotype MlIW172. Infection tests showed that HapII-carrying lines display a partial resistance response to Bgt#GH, while HapI was susceptible. Our results provide insights into the genetic evolution of the Pm60 locus and potential valuable alleles for powdery mildew resistance breeding.

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Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat

Lhamo,

Li,

Song

et al. 2024

The Plant Genome

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Powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Bgt), is a constant threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although ∼100 powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes and alleles have been identified in wheat and its relatives, more is needed to minimize Bgt’s fast evolving virulence. In tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), wild emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.] accessions from Israel have contributed many Pm resistance genes. However, the diverse genetic reservoirs of cultivated emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.] have not been fully exploited. In the present study, we evaluated a diverse panel of 174 cultivated emmer accessions for their reaction to Bgt isolate OKS(14)‐B‐3‐1 and found that 66% of accessions, particularly those of Ethiopian (30.5%) and Indian (6.3%) origins, exhibited high resistance. To determine the genetic basis of Bgt resistance in the panel, genome‐wide association studies were performed using 46,383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotype‐by‐sequencing and 4331 SNPs from the 9K SNP Infinium array. Twenty‐five significant SNP markers were identified to be associated with Bgt resistance, of which 21 SNPs are likely novel loci, whereas four possibly represent emmer derived Pm4a, Pm5a, PmG16, and Pm64. Most novel loci exhibited minor effects, whereas three novel loci on chromosome arms 2AS, 3BS, and 5AL had major effect on the phenotypic variance. This study demonstrates cultivated emmer as a rich source of powdery mildew resistance, and the resistant accessions and novel loci found herein can be utilized in wheat breeding programs to enhance Bgt resistance in wheat.

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Functional characterization of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172, a new Pm60 allele and its allelic variation in wild emmer wheat

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning ofPm69by resolving the complexity of a rapidly evolving resistance gene cluster in wheat

Long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning ofPm69by resolving the complexity of a rapidly evolving resistance gene cluster in wheat

Haplotype Analysis Sheds Light on the Genetic Evolution of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Locus Pm60 in Triticum Species

Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat

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