Functional characterization of CCA1/LHY homolog genes, PpCCA1a and PpCCA1b, in the moss Physcomitrella patens

Okada, Ryo; Kondo, Sayo; Satbhai, Santosh B.; Yamaguchi, Nobutoshi; Tsukuda, Masashi; Aoki, Setsuyuki

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03979.x

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…S2). The structure of this phylogenetic tree also resembled independent tree structures found in separate analyses (29,30). qPCR analysis revealed rhythmic oscillation in PhLHY expression in Petunia floral tissues in continuous dark (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The daily expression patterns of PhLHY transcripts and the nuclear localization of the PhLHY protein (Fig. 2) provided additional support to the notion that PhLHY acts within Petunia in a manner consistent with its homologs (29,30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…These lines showed delayed flowering times and elongated hypocotyls compared with WT plants (Fig. 3) (29,30). In these lines, the disruption of the rhythmic expression of many circadian-clock genes was observed (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The disruption of these rhythms by PhLHY overexpression suggests that the function of PhLHY is similar to LHY and CCA1, in which overexpression caused general impairment of clock function (29,30). As seen in numerous examples in animals and plants, clock components are often a part of a negative autoregulatory feedback loop in which the protein products of clock component genes suppress the expression of their own genes (29,30). By comparing the CCA1:LUC luminescence and CCA1 and LHY expression patterns of Arabidopsis PhLHY overexpressors and WT plants under continuous light and light/dark conditions, PhLHY overexpression depressed the rhythmic circadian oscillation of LHY and CCA1 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Fenske

Hazelton

Hempton

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

124

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Flowers present a complex display of signals to attract pollinators, including the emission of floral volatiles. Volatile emission is highly regulated, and many species restrict emissions to specific times of the day. This rhythmic emission of scent is regulated by the circadian clock; however, the mechanisms have remained unknown. In Petunia hybrida, volatile emissions are dominated by products of the floral volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid (FVBP) metabolic pathway. Here we demonstrate that the circadian clock gene P. hybrida LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY; PhLHY) regulates the daily expression patterns of the FVBP pathway genes and floral volatile production. PhLHY expression peaks in the morning, antiphasic to the expression of P. hybrida GIGANTEA (PhGI), the master scent regulator ODORANT1 (ODO1), and many other evening-expressed FVBP genes. Overexpression phenotypes of PhLHY in Arabidopsis caused an arrhythmic clock phenotype, which resembles those of LHY overexpressors. In Petunia, constitutive expression of PhLHY depressed the expression levels of PhGI, ODO1, evening-expressed FVBP pathway genes, and FVBP emission in flowers. Additionally, in the Petunia lines in which PhLHY expression was reduced, the timing of peak expression of PhGI, ODO1, and the FVBP pathway genes advanced to the morning. Moreover, PhLHY protein binds to cis-regulatory elements called evening elements that exist in promoters of ODO1 and other FVBP genes. Thus, our results imply that PhLHY directly sets the timing of floral volatile emission by restricting the expression of ODO1 and other FVBP genes to the evening in Petunia.circadian rhythm | floral volatile | benzenoids | Petunia hybrida | LHY P lant development and physiology are extensively influenced by the circadian clock (1). The precise timing of a single plant behavioral output often requires a suite of internal mechanisms to occur in coincidence or in quick succession before the behavior taking place. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the circadian clock controls transcription of one third of genes in Arabidopsis (2). In this way, the clock can exert a holistic effect on a complex mechanism at a precise moment in time. The effectiveness of the clock's ability to coordinate complex behaviors has been used by many aspects of plant physiology, such as photosynthesis, stem and leaf growth, and flowering (3, 4).The precise timing of sexual reproductive events is critical, as plants are sessile and individuals are often spread over large distances. In addition to regulating the timing of flower formation, when they have opened, many flowers emit floral scents to lure pollinators. Attractive floral volatiles are often emitted in a rhythmic fashion, with peaks of emission coinciding with the primary pollinator's period of activity (5). Although studies have shown that rhythmic emission of scent requires the influence of a circadian clock (6-8), no study of which we are aware has shown a mechanistic link between clock function and floral volatile production.Research on floral vol...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Fenske

Hazelton

Hempton

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

124

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“…Comparative genomic and functional studies suggest that the molecular nature of the plant clock is similar across the angiosperms and in the moss Physcomitrella patens (Okada et al, 2009;McClung, 2010). Studies in two green algae, Ostreococcus tauri and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, paint a more complex picture, however.…”

Section: The Beginning Of Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Biology in the Fourth Dimension

Harmer

2010

Plant Physiology

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The nature of time has long been an obsession for philosophers, scientists, and laymen. This nearly universal interest in time is encapsulated by the fact that the quotation "Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once" has been attributed to both Woody Allen and Albert Einstein! Although some argue that time is an illusion, ongoing work has revealed that most organisms possess an internal oscillator, the circadian clock, which has a pervasive influence on growth, development, and responses to the environment. Studies of circadian rhythms in plants reveal that because everything doesn't happen at once, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to partition physiological processes so that they occur at the most advantageous times, both on seasonal and daily scales. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMINGIt is apparent to even the most casual observer that plant physiology is strongly influenced by time: for example, plants generally fix carbon during the day but are carbon consumers at night, and plant reproduction is strongly tied to the seasons. Although these changes in physiology are clearly linked to changes in the environment, they are also strongly influenced by the plant circadian clock. Studies spanning the past 300 years have revealed that many features of plant physiology are affected by the circadian clock (McClung, 2006). Clock-influenced processes range from once-in-a-lifetime events such as germination and the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, to annual events such as the onset of flowering or winter dormancy, to daily processes such as rhythmic movements of petals and leaves and emission of floral fragrance. Ongoing, intensive investigation into clock-regulated processes are revealing that plants are even more sophisticated time keepers than we previously thought, with most or all aspects of plant physiology influenced by the circadian system. The molecular nature of the plant oscillator is now becoming clear, and the development of mathematical models describing this clock are raising hopes that we will someday be able to predict how particular environmental conditions will interact with a given genotype to shape plant growth and development in the real world.HOW DO PLANTS TELL TIME?

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Casein Kinase2 and Its Dynamism in Abiotic Stress Management

Agarwal¹,

Ray²

2020

Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants

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Functional characterization of CCA1/LHY homolog genes, PpCCA1a and PpCCA1b, in the moss Physcomitrella patens

Cited by 42 publications

References 52 publications

Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Plant Biology in the Fourth Dimension

Casein Kinase2 and Its Dynamism in Abiotic Stress Management

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