Functional characteristics of superior olivary neurons to binaural stimuli

Moushegian, George; Rupert, Allen L.; Gidda, J. S.

doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.5.1037

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Previous physiological studies have generally supported the idea that MSO neurons act as coincidence detectors (Batra et al 1997b;Crow et al 1978;Goldberg and Brown 1969;Grothe and Sanes 1994;Joris 1996;Moushegian et al 1975;Spitzer and Semple 1995;Yin and Chan 1990). These studies have amply demonstrated that the ITD eliciting maximal discharge is equal to the delay in response to stimulation of either ear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cross Correlation by Neurons of the Medial Superior Olive: a Reexamination

Batra

Yin

2004

JARO

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Initial analysis of interaural temporal disparities (ITDs), a cue for sound localization, occurs in the superior olivary complex. The medial superior olive (MSO) receives excitatory input from the left and right cochlear nuclei. Its neurons are believed to be coincidence detectors, discharging when input arrives simultaneously from the two sides. Many current psychophysical models assume a strict version of coincidence, in which neurons of the MSO cross correlate their left and right inputs. However, there have been few tests of this assumption. Here we examine data derived from two earlier studies of the MSO and compare the responses to the output of a computational model. We find that the MSO is not an ideal cross correlator. Ideal cross correlation implies a strict relationship between the precision of phaselocking of the inputs and the range of ITDs to which a neuron responds. This relationship does not appear to be met. Instead, the modeling implies that a neuron responds over a wider range of ITDs than expected from the inferred precision of phase-locking of the inputs. The responses are more consistent with a scheme in which the neuron can also be activated by the input from one side alone. Such activation degrades the tuning of neurons in the MSO to ITDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cross Correlation by Neurons of the Medial Superior Olive: a Reexamination

Batra

Yin

2004

JARO

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“…The medial superior olivary complex is the first nucleus on the ascending auditory pathway to receive bilateral inputs and thus represent binaural auditory processing (Moushegian et al, 1975). It has been shown that when the crossing fibers of the trapezoid body are lesioned in the brainstem there is a loss of BI in the brainstem potentials (Buchwald and Huang, 1975;Fullerton and Hosford, 1979;Gardi and Berlin, 1981;Levine et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory time-intensity cues in the binaural interaction component of the auditory evoked potentials

McPherson

Starr

1995

Hearing Research

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Binaural interaction in the brainstem and middle latency auditory evoked potentials to intensity (dl) and timing differences (dT) between the two ears was studied in 10 normal hearing young adults. A component reflecting binaural interaction in the brainstem potentials occurred at approximately 7 ms and was of largest amplitude when d I and dT were 0. The latency of the binaural interaction component gradually shifted and its amplitude decreased as dl or dT increased and binaural interaction became undetectable when dI = 16 dB or when dT_> 1.6 ms. In the middle latency potentials binaural interaction components peaking at 20, 32, and 45 ms were defined that were also largest when dl and dT = 0. The latency of the interaction did not shift with changes in dT and dl whereas the amplitude gradually decreased but binaural interaction components were still evident even at the largest values of dl (30 dB) and dT (3 ms). Psychophysical judgments of binaural perceptions showed binaural fusion of the stimuli to persist with dT values up to 1.6 ms and that lateralization of the intracranial image was complete when either dT = 1.6 ms or when dl = 16 dB. The results suggest that the presence of a binaural interaction component of auditory brainstem potentials correlates with the fusion of binaural click stimuli and the amplitude of the binaural interaction component correlates inversely with the degree of lateralization of the intracranial image. Binaural interaction components of middle latency potentials persist and continue to change even after the binaural stimuli cannot be fused.

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“…Interaural time differences (ITDs) are the dominant cue for localizing low-frequency sounds, which are most important for larger mammals (including humans) and small mammals living in habitats that require detection of distant sounds and longrange communication (like Mongolian gerbils). These species have well developed low-frequency hearing and a well developed medial superior olive (MSO) with principal neurons highly sensitive to ITDs (Goldberg and Brown, 1969;Moushegian et al, 1975;Crow et al, 1978;Yin and Chan, 1990;Spitzer and Semple, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaural Time Difference Processing in the Mammalian Medial Superior Olive: The Role of Glycinergic Inhibition

Pecka

Brand²,

Behrend³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience

212

268

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The dominant cue for localization of low-frequency sounds are microsecond differences in the time-of-arrival of sounds at the two ears [interaural time difference (ITD)]. In mammals, ITD sensitivity is established in the medial superior olive (MSO) by coincidence detection of excitatory inputs from both ears. Hence the relative delay of the binaural inputs is crucial for adjusting ITD sensitivity in MSO cells. How these delays are constructed is, however, still unknown. Specifically, the question of whether inhibitory inputs are involved in timing the net excitation in MSO cells, and if so how, is controversial. These inhibitory inputs derive from the nuclei of the trapezoid body, which have physiological and structural specializations for high-fidelity temporal transmission, raising the possibility that well timed inhibition is involved in tuning ITD sensitivity. Here, we present physiological and pharmacological data from in vivo extracellular MSO recordings in anesthetized gerbils. Reversible blockade of synaptic inhibition by iontophoretic application of the glycine antagonist strychnine increased firing rates and significantly shifted ITD sensitivity of MSO neurons. This indicates that glycinergic inhibition plays a major role in tuning the delays of binaural excitation. We also tonically applied glycine, which lowered firing rates but also shifted ITD sensitivity in a way analogous to strychnine. Hence tonic glycine application experimentally decoupled the effect of inhibition from the timing of its inputs. We conclude that, for proper ITD processing, not only is inhibition necessary, but it must also be precisely timed.

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Functional characteristics of superior olivary neurons to binaural stimuli

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Cross Correlation by Neurons of the Medial Superior Olive: a Reexamination

Cross Correlation by Neurons of the Medial Superior Olive: a Reexamination

Auditory time-intensity cues in the binaural interaction component of the auditory evoked potentials

Interaural Time Difference Processing in the Mammalian Medial Superior Olive: The Role of Glycinergic Inhibition

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