Functional Cerebral Reorganization for Auditory Spatial Processing and Auditory Substitution of Vision in Early Blind Subjects

Collignon, Olivier; Lassonde, Maryse; Leporé, Franco; Bastien, Danielle; Veraart, Claude

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj162

Cited by 159 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It is also worth noting that these two regions were also reliably active at an individual level (Table S3). Regarding the right cuneus, our results are in agreement with a previous study of Collignon et al (17) demonstrating that the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right superior occipital gyrus (in the vicinity of the right cuneus/superior occipital clusters observed in the present study; see figure 2 in ref. 17) selectively interfered with sound localization abilities in CB, whereas TMS did not interfere with pitch and intensity discriminations in CB and had no effect on any auditory ability in SI.…”

Section: Functional Specialization In the Occipital Cortex Of Cb For supporting

confidence: 94%

“…Regarding the right cuneus, our results are in agreement with a previous study of Collignon et al (17) demonstrating that the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right superior occipital gyrus (in the vicinity of the right cuneus/superior occipital clusters observed in the present study; see figure 2 in ref. 17) selectively interfered with sound localization abilities in CB, whereas TMS did not interfere with pitch and intensity discriminations in CB and had no effect on any auditory ability in SI. Regarding the right MOG, our results replicate those of Renier et al (22), who also found this region preferentially active for the processing of spatial over nonspatial nonvisual stimuli in CB.…”

Section: Functional Specialization In the Occipital Cortex Of Cb For supporting

confidence: 94%

“…Alternatively, another perspective on dorsal and ventral visual processing streams rather considers them to be involved in the control of object-directed actions and object recognition, respectively (12). Interestingly, recent studies in CB have reported task-specific responses in ventral (13)(14)(15)(16) and dorsal (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) occipital streams in response to "what" and "where" nonvisual processing. For example, Renier et al (22) have recently found that the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) is preferentially activated by the spatial processing of nonvisual inputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Functional specialization for auditory–spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans

Collignon

Vandewalle

Voss

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

293

243

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The study of the congenitally blind (CB) represents a unique opportunity to explore experience-dependant plasticity in a sensory region deprived of its natural inputs since birth. Although several studies have shown occipital regions of CB to be involved in nonvisual processing, whether the functional organization of the visual cortex observed in sighted individuals (SI) is maintained in the rewired occipital regions of the blind has only been recently investigated. In the present functional MRI study, we compared the brain activity of CB and SI processing either the spatial or the pitch properties of sounds carrying information in both domains (i.e., the same sounds were used in both tasks), using an adaptive procedure specifically designed to adjust for performance level. In addition to showing a substantial recruitment of the occipital cortex for sound processing in CB, we also demonstrate that auditory-spatial processing mainly recruits the right cuneus and the right middle occipital gyrus, two regions of the dorsal occipital stream known to be involved in visuospatial/motion processing in SI. Moreover, functional connectivity analyses revealed that these reorganized occipital regions are part of an extensive brain network including regions known to underlie audiovisual spatial abilities (i.e., intraparietal sulcus, superior frontal gyrus). We conclude that some regions of the right dorsal occipital stream do not require visual experience to develop a specialization for the processing of spatial information and to be functionally integrated in a preexisting brain network dedicated to this ability.blindness | cross-modal plasticity | ventral-dorsal auditory streams | modularity W hen the brain is deprived of its natural sensory inputs, it can rewire itself, showing an impressive range of plastic changes (1). Early visual deprivation thus provides an exceptional model to explore the role of sensory experience in shaping the functional architecture of the brain. Based on a number of studies comparing brain activity of congenitally blind (CB) and sighted individuals (SI), the current prevailing view is that visual deafferentation results in a reliable recruitment of the occipital cortex for nonvisual sensory processing to compensate for the challenging condition that is visual deprivation (2).Although such findings highlight the brain's remarkable ability to rewire its components, questions remain about the functional organization of the occipital cortex in CB. An important characteristic of the visual cortex in SI is domain specialization wherein specific functional activity has been found in anatomically identifiable regions (3, 4). Our main question was, therefore: does the occipital cortex of CB process the colonizing nonvisual stimuli in a global manner or does it do so using some functional modularity similar to what is observed in SI, with precise regions involved in specific cognitive functions?Several studies have reported that the occipital cortex of CB responds quite indifferently to a variety of cogn...

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Section: Functional Specialization In the Occipital Cortex Of Cb For supporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Functional Specialization In the Occipital Cortex Of Cb For supporting

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional specialization for auditory–spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans

Collignon

Vandewalle

Voss

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

293

243

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“…[27] These fi nding were later confi rmed in studies of subjects with single sensory deprivation (auditory or visual) using neuroimaging techniques with greater spatial resolution (fMRI and PET), [5,[28][29][30] which demonstrated extensive cerebral reorganization in cortical areas, showing how auditory areas of the brain are activated by visual stimuli in deaf persons, [3] while the visual cortex is activated by somatosensory and auditory stimuli in blind persons. [5,28,31,32] Our fi ndings could be ascribed to this form of neuroplasticity, CMP. This would then be confi rmation of results previously obtained in subjects with single sensory deprivation (deaf or blind), well described in review articles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Cross-modal plasticity in cuban visually-impaired child cochlear implant candidates: topography of somatosensory evoked potentials

Charroó-Ruíz¹,

Pérez-Abalo²,

Hernández³

et al. 2012

MEDICC rev.

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“…SIG = sujets témoins voyants ; EBNP = sujets aveugles précoces non performants ; EBSP = sujets aveugles précoces supra-performants (adaptée de [8]). REVUES des sujets aveugles a subi une diminution tandis que celle des voyants est demeurée inchangée [17]. Ce résultat permet donc, pour la première fois, d'établir un lien de causalité entre le recrutement du cortex occipital et la performance associée à une tâche de localisation auditive, démontrant dès lors que l'activité occipitale observée chez les sujets aveugles n'est pas qu'un simple épiphénomène.…”

Section: P3 N1unclassified

Perte sensorielle et réorganisation cérébrale

et al. 2007

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Le monde sonore des non-voyantsChez tout individu, la vision joue un rôle prépondérant dans l'acquisition d'informations relatives à son environnement : elle facilite notamment ses déplacements. Ainsi, les personnes privées de la vue doivent effectuer d'importants ajustements pour compenser cette perte et interagir de manière efficace avec le monde qui les entoure. Les interrogations liées aux mécanismes susceptibles de pallier l'absence d'une modalité sensorielle si importante passionnent les chercheurs depuis fort longtemps. Déjà au 18 e siècle, Diderot avait émis l'idée que les personnes aveugles de naissance compensaient l'absence du sens de la vue en développant les autres sens et, principalement, ceux de l'ouïe et du toucher. Depuis, les études expéri-mentales ont donné lieu à l'émergence de deux hypothè-ses [1]. L'une propose que les personnes non-voyantes devraient être sévèrement handicapées puisque la vision joue chez l'humain un rôle important dans le dévelop-pement de la représentation de l'espace [2]. L'autre, en accord avec ce qu'affirmait Diderot, suggère plutôt que les autres modes sensoriels permettraient de compenser la perte de la vue et qu'une conception appropriée de l'espace pourrait donc être formée [3]. La majorité des étu-des réalisées au cours de la dernière décennie appuient davantage cette deuxième explication [4]. Notre laboratoire se consacre depuis plusieurs années à l'étude de la plasticité cérébrale consécutive à la perte d'un des cinq sens et s'attache particulièrement au développement du sens de l'ouïe chez les aveugles. Les différents travaux de recherche que nous avons effectués appuient l'hypothèse de la compensation intermodale chez la personne atteinte de cécité. En 1998, Lessard et al. [5] ont publié, dans la revue Nature les résultats d'une étude portant sur la localisation sonore chez les personnes aveugles préco-ces soumises à deux situations expérimentales. Elles devaient d'abord localiser la provenance de sons à l'aide des deux oreilles (présentation binaurale) puis, dans un deuxième temps, à l'aide d'une seule oreille, l'autre étant obstruée (présentation monaurale). Lorsqu'ils pouvaient se servir des deux oreilles, les sujets aveugles, tout comme les voyants, arrivaient à bien identifier la provenance des sons. Cependant, lorsqu'ils ne pouvaient utiliser qu'une seule oreille, les voyants présentaient un biais positionnel en faveur de l'oreille non obstruée et ce, que les sons soient émis de façon ipsilatérale ou controlatérale à celle-ci (Figure 1). Chez les participants aveugles, ce phénomène était également présent mais seulement chez la moitié d'entre eux. Cependant, l'autre moitié a localisé adé-quatement la provenance des sons, même s'ils étaient émis ipsilatéralement à l'oreille obstruée, et ce dans la > Qu'advient-il lorsqu'un individu perd la vue et que les informations visuelles ne parviennent plus aux régions cérébrales dédiées à leur traitement ? Ces régions deviennent-elles désuè-tes ? Arrêtent-elles de contribuer aux processus sensoriels et cognitifs ...

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Functional Cerebral Reorganization for Auditory Spatial Processing and Auditory Substitution of Vision in Early Blind Subjects

Cited by 159 publications

References 67 publications

Functional specialization for auditory–spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans

Functional specialization for auditory–spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans

Cross-modal plasticity in cuban visually-impaired child cochlear implant candidates: topography of somatosensory evoked potentials

Perte sensorielle et réorganisation cérébrale

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