Functional Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia: Selected Results and Methods

Brown, Gregory G.; Thompson, Wesley K.

doi:10.1007/7854_2010_54

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 141 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, the map of motor cortex is actually the population mean; among individuals there is substantial variation in the relationship between brain function and brain anatomy (Whitaker and Selnes, 1976; Rademacher et al, 1993; Van Essen et al, 2012; Cramer et al, 2003; Cramer, 2008a, 2008b; Smith et al, 2014; Walhovd et al, 2014). Endophenotypes such as brain morphology (Prasad and Keshavan, 2008; Brown and Thompson, 2010; Nenadic et al, 2012), dendritic spine morphology (van Spronsen and Hoogenraad, 2010; Penzes et al, 2011), and other synaptic markers have been sought for neuropathology such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Luebke and Foster (2002) showed that differences between animals in an acetylcholine receptor subunit might account for differences in susceptibility to noise damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden synaptic differences in a neural circuit underlie differential behavioral susceptibility to a neural injury

Sakurai

Tamvacakis

Katz

2014

eLife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Individuals vary in their responses to stroke and trauma, hampering predictions of outcomes. One reason might be that neural circuits contain hidden variability that becomes relevant only when those individuals are challenged by injury. We found that in the mollusc, Tritonia diomedea, subtle differences between animals within the neural circuit underlying swimming behavior had no behavioral relevance under normal conditions but caused differential vulnerability of the behavior to a particular brain lesion. The extent of motor impairment correlated with the site of spike initiation in a specific neuron in the neural circuit, which was determined by the strength of an inhibitory synapse onto this neuron. Artificially increasing or decreasing this inhibitory synaptic conductance with dynamic clamp correspondingly altered the extent of motor impairment by the lesion without affecting normal operation. The results suggest that neural circuit differences could serve as hidden phenotypes for predicting the behavioral outcome of neural damage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02598.001

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden synaptic differences in a neural circuit underlie differential behavioral susceptibility to a neural injury

Sakurai

Tamvacakis

Katz

2014

eLife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Achieving this goal requires balancing information processing based on top-down (task-related) and bottom-up (stimulus-related) factors. This balance depends critically on systems of attention and working memory implemented in the parietal and the frontal lobes 1–7 , and specifically in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), the frontal eye field (FEF) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) 8–12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural mechanisms of distractor suppression in the frontal and parietal lobe

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both the posterior parietal cortex and the prefrontal cortex are associated with the control of eye movements and attention, but the specific contributions of each area are poorly understood. Here we compare the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) using a memory saccade task in which a salient distractor was flashed at a variable timing and location during the memory delay. We show that, while the two areas had similar responses to target selection, they had very different contributions to distractor suppression. Responses to the salient distractor were more strongly suppressed and more closely correlated with performance in the dlPFC relative to LIP. Consistent with these findings, reversible inactivation of the dlPFC produced much larger increases in distractibility relative to inactivation of LIP. Along with their shared contributions to eye movement control, the two areas also have important functional specializations and differences in their internal circuitry.

show abstract

“…In so doing, we will briefly touch upon what has been learned from focal activation studies, including references to recent quantitative meta-analyses. However, these focal activation studies have been extensively reviewed (Ragland et al 2007; Brown and Thompson 2010; Gur and Gur 2010), and the primary focus of this chapter will be on functional integration approaches—beginning with functional connectivity analyses using regions of interest (ROI) during active task conditions, moving to multivariate approaches aimed at examining resting default mode network (DMN) and activated task positive network (TPN) states, and ending with a discussion of more recent approaches employing multi-modal functional and anatomical imaging techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

fMRI as a Measure of Cognition Related Brain Circuitry in Schizophrenia

Libby

Ragland

2011

Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has played a prominent role in the quest to identify the brain systems responsible for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This chapter describes the evolution of these research efforts, which have alternated between efforts to localize specific cognitive impairments to work trying to understand broader network dysfunction. After a concise summary of localization efforts, the remainder of the chapter describes how different groups of scientists have developed and tested broader network theories. This includes a description of both task-activation and resting state studies, and involves a wide array of analytic techniques. The chapter closes with an understanding of how current default-mode and task-positive network theories grew out of these earlier resting-state and task-activation approaches, and provides some recommendations about future directions.

show abstract

Functional Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia: Selected Results and Methods

Cited by 62 publications

References 141 publications

Hidden synaptic differences in a neural circuit underlie differential behavioral susceptibility to a neural injury

Hidden synaptic differences in a neural circuit underlie differential behavioral susceptibility to a neural injury

Distinct neural mechanisms of distractor suppression in the frontal and parietal lobe

fMRI as a Measure of Cognition Related Brain Circuitry in Schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About