Functional brain correlates of motor response inhibition in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Thornton, Siobhan; Bray, Signe; Langevin, Lisa Marie; Dewey, Deborah

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2018.03.018

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In addition, differences in brain structure depending on different levels of CRF in childhood have been consistently observed in recent investigations conducted by our group and others 48,49 . It has also been suggested that increased ADHD symptoms may predispose to motor problems 50 ; in fact, neuroimaging studies have shown that common neurophysiological substrates may underlie both motor impairment and increased ADHD symptoms 51,52 . Thus, structural brain variation might cause difficulties in fine and gross motor skills, which in turn could affect the correct execution of coordinated motor skills, impeding the ability to undertake physical activity and negatively influence CRF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A 6‐year cohort study

Muntaner‐Mas

Ortega

Femia

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in childhood and identifying risk factors associated with developing ADHD during childhood and adolescence is relevant from a clinical and epidemiological point of view. This work examines (a) whether overweight/obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased ADHD symptoms in childhood (cross‐sectional analysis), and (b) whether overweight/obesity and low CRF levels during childhood predict increased ADHD symptoms in adolescence (longitudinal analysis). Data were examined from a longitudinal study of Estonian inhabitants who took part in the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) in 1998 and 1999 (baseline age 9 years), who were re‐evaluated 6 years later as part of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). CRF was determined via an incremental maximal cycle‐ergometer test, overweight/obesity was based on body mass index (BMI), and the 7‐point af Klinteberg Hyperactivity Scale was used to assess ADHD symptoms at both time points. In the cross‐sectional analysis, children with overweight/obesity were at greater risk of ADHD symptoms compared to underweight/normal weight children, as were those unfit compared to fit children (OR = 1.92 and 95%CI = 1.02‐3.55, and OR = 1.84 and 95%CI = 1.13‐2.98, respectively). The cross‐sectional association between BMI and ADHD symptoms was mediated by CRF (z = 2.116, 42.9%; P = .034). The longitudinal analysis showed being unfit in childhood was associated with a greater risk of increased ADHD symptoms 6 years later in adolescence (OR = 2.26 and 95%CI = 1.14‐4.47), even after adjusting for baseline ADHD symptoms and BMI. Our result suggests that being unfit is an additional risk factor for increased ADHD symptoms during childhood and adolescence. The association between BMI and ADHD symptoms was mediated by CRF in the cross‐sectional analysis, and no association was seen between overweight/obesity and increased ADHD symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A 6‐year cohort study

Muntaner‐Mas

Ortega

Femia

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…A well-known and common co-occurrence of DCD is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), exacerbating motor and functional difficulties in children (Kadesjo and Gillberg, 1999 ; Piek et al, 1999 ; Dewey et al, 2000 , 2002 ; Rasmussen and Gillberg, 2000 ; Pitcher et al, 2003 ; Martin et al, 2006 ; Watemberg et al, 2007 ; Fliers et al, 2009 ; Barkley, 2014 ; Blank et al, 2019 ) and increasing the risk of psychological distress (Piek et al, 2007 ; Missiuna et al, 2014 ), antisocial behavior (Rasmussen and Gillberg, 2000 ), and peer victimization (Dewey and Volkovinskaia, 2018 ). Motor problems of children with DCD with or without ADHD have been attributed to attention deficits and lack of inhibition (Kaiser et al, 2015 ; Fong et al, 2016 ; Thornton et al, 2018 ). An electroencephalographic (EEG) study suggests that the contribution of attention to motor performance is greater in children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD than children with DCD only (Fong et al, 2016 ); it, accordingly assumes that improving attention in children with DCD with or without ADHD leads to motor performance improvement (Fong et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, co-occurring DCD and ADHD are associated with unique structural (Langevin et al, 2014 , 2015 ), functional (McLeod et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Thornton et al, 2018 ), and physiological (Yeh et al, 2012 ; Fong et al, 2016 ) properties of the sensorimotor and attentional networks, including the parietal and frontal lobes (Yeh et al, 2012 ; Langevin et al, 2014 , 2015 ; McLeod et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Thornton et al, 2018 ) as well as interhemispheric connections and asymmetry (Langevin et al, 2014 , 2015 ). Individuals with co-occurring DCD and ADHD may use compensatory attentional control of motor coordination through increasing cerebral blood flow in the posterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum (Yeh et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Changes With Rehabilitation in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Izadi‐Najafabadi

Zwicker

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background and Objectives: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty learning motor skills, which can affect their participation in activities of daily living and psychosocial well-being. Over 50% of children with DCD also have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which further exacerbates their motor problems and impact on quality of life. A rehabilitation approach known as Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance uses problem-solving strategies to help children learn motor skills they wish to achieve. While this cognitive approach has been effective for children with DCD, few studies have examined the effectiveness of this approach for children with co-occurring ADHD. Further, the underlying mechanism and neural basis of this intervention are largely unknown.Methods: In this randomized waitlist-controlled trial, we used MRI to examine white matter microstructure after intervention in 8–12-year-old children with DCD (n = 28) and with DCD and co-occurring ADHD (n = 25). Children in both groups were randomized to either a treatment group or waitlist group at their first MRI. The treatment group began the intervention after their MRI scan and returned for a post-treatment scan at 3 months, and follow-up scan at 6 months; the waitlist group waited 3 months before their second MRI, received the intervention, and then had a post-treatment scan. Each child received intervention once weekly for 10 weeks. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to acquire white matter diffusion parameters and was analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS).Results and Conclusion: Children with DCD showed significant improvement in white matter microstructure in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, bilateral sensorimotor tract, bilateral cingulum, fornix, splenium and body of corpus callosum, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and white matter pathways to bilateral inferior gyri, right middle frontal gyrus, frontal medial cortex, and left cuneus. We suggest that these rehabilitation-induced neural changes in children with DCD occurred in regions associated with attention, self-regulation, motor planning, and inter-hemispheric communication, which positively affected brain connectivity and motor function. In contrast, children with DCD and co-occurring ADHD did not show any brain changes following the intervention. Modifications to the treatment protocol might help address the attentional and self-regulatory needs of children with a dual diagnosis.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02597751.

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“…Regarding comorbid disorders, Thornton et al [ 81 ] found that only children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD made significantly more errors than their TD peers, while there was no significant difference between performance of children with a single diagnosis of DCD or ADHD and TD controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional and executive functions in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and the influence of comorbid disorders: A systematic review of the literature

et al. 2021

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting primarily motor skills, but attentional and executive impairments are common in affected individuals. Moreover, the presence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities is frequent in this population, which certainly influences the cognitive profile of the children concerned. Previous studies have reported deficits in visuospatial/nonverbal and planning tasks. This systematic review of the literature aims to determine if impairments can be found in other attentional and executive functions as well. The type of cognitive tasks, the tasks’ modality (verbal/nonverbal), and the influence of comorbid disorders on attentional and executive profiles are systematically considered. Forty-one studies were identified through the PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO databases according to pre-established eligibility criteria. The results reveal weaknesses in inhibitory control, working memory, planning, nonverbal fluency, and general executive functioning in children with DCD. The presence of comorbid disorders seemingly contributes to the verbal working memory difficulties findings. This review contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive impairments in DCD and of the needs of children with this disorder, allowing to optimize practitioners’ therapeutic interventions.

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Functional brain correlates of motor response inhibition in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 28 publications

References 67 publications

Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A 6‐year cohort study

Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: A 6‐year cohort study

White Matter Changes With Rehabilitation in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Attentional and executive functions in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and the influence of comorbid disorders: A systematic review of the literature

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