Functional Biochemistry of the Neuroglia

Pevzner, Leonid Z.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1635-0

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Under certain stress conditions, similar qualitative and even quantitative changes in RNA content occurred in the neuronal and glial compartments of hypothalamic nuclei (Figs. 2,5); this also was the case with other neuron-neuroglia units, particularly in the cerebellum (Pevzner, 1972(Pevzner, ,1979. At the same time, a greater stability of glial rather than neuronal macromolecular metabolism (which only occasionally was seen in hypothalamus (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…On the other hand, stress-induced reciprocal macromolecular alterations in neurons and glia revealed here in a number of experiments (Figs. 1,3,4) were observed only rarely in sympathetic ganglia and spinal cord anterior horns (Pevzner, 1965(Pevzner, , 1971(Pevzner, , 1979.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The concentration of nucleic acid in cells was determined by means of two-wavelength ultraviolet cytospectrophotometry at 265 and 280 nm, before and after a selective RNA extraction . A comparison of ultraviolet absorption and gallocyanin staining, their suitability for quantitative determinations of RNA content in nervous-tissue cells, and a discussion of optimal conditions for use of these methods have been presented elsewhere (Pevzner and Saudargene, 1971;Pevzner, 1979).…”

Section: Histological and Histochemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light narcosis was achieved 40 min after injection of Amobarbital in a dose of 70 mg/kg, deep narcosis 60 min after a dose of 100 mg/kg (Pevzner, 1979). For controls, conscious rats were taken which were given no injections.…”

Section: Experimental Stress Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measuring aperture for one-wavelength determinations corresponded to 1-2 pm (depending on the total magnification of the microscope); for two-wavelength determinations, 6 pm. Optical schemes of the microspectrophotometers used as well as all details of cytospectrophotometric measurements and calculations have been described elsewhere (Pevzner, 1979).…”

Section: Histological and Histochemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topochemical aspects of nucleic‐acid and protein metabolism within the neuron‐neuroglia unit of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus

Pevzner¹

1981

Am. J. Anat.

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The RNA and both the total and basic protein content of individual cells were determined by cytospectrophotometry in neurons and perineuronal oligodendroglia of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in rats subjected to various stresses, as well as in ground squirrels during natural hibernation. Barbiturate narcosis and deep cooling, which induced a decrease in body temperature in rats and hibernation in squirrels, caused a marked decrease of all macromolecular constituents in neurons. A similar decrease was found in the perineuronal oligodendroglia in rats, but an increase was observed in ground squirrels. After cessation of cooling, while the body temperature of the animals returned to normal, the neurons, but not the oligodendroglia, of rats showed a significant accumulation of RNA, while RNA accumulated in both neurons and perineuronal oligodendroglia in ground squirrels. Milder cooling of rats, which did not lower their body temperature, induced reciprocal changes in basic-protein content in neuronal and glial cell nuclei, with the accumulation of protein occurring initially in neurons, and subsequently in glia. When cold adaptation was accomplished, the basic protein content of neurons and glial cells returned to the control level. Four days after adrenalectomy in rats, the RNA content decreased in oligodendroglia but not in neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. This effect was completely abolished by daily injections of cortisol in the adrenalectomized animals. The data obtained indicate the existence of differences in metabolic responses to stress between neurons and glial cells of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Histological and Histochemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Stress Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histological and Histochemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Topochemical aspects of nucleic‐acid and protein metabolism within the neuron‐neuroglia unit of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus

Pevzner¹

1981

Am. J. Anat.

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Scanning‐integrating cytophotometric analyses of brain neuronal RNA and acetylcholinesterase in acute soman toxicated rats

Anthony

Doebler

Bocan

et al. 1983

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Cytophotometric analyses of RNA and acetylcholinesterase responses of caudate and cerebrocortical neurons of soman toxicated rats were conducted to characterize impairments in regulatory aspects of neuronal metabolism occurring in the acute phase of cholinesterase impairment. There was a severe and dose-dependent suppression (20-60%) in neuronal acetylcholinesterase activity in both a.m. and p.m.-treated rats; no diurnal differences were apparent in control acetylcholinesterase levels or neuronal acetylcholinesterase responsiveness to soman toxication. RNA levels, however, were markedly higher in p.m. than in a.m. saline-treated controls. Soman depressed caudate neuron RNA contents in the afternoon, but not in the morning. Cerebrocortical neuron RNA levels were suppressed in both a.m. and p.m.-toxicated rats, although this RNA depletion was more severe in the afternoon. These results indicate that soman can elicit marked alterations in neuronal transcriptional-translational capabilities and that there are diurnal variations in cellular metabolic responsiveness to soman toxication. Although functional relationships between soman-induced cholinesterase inhibition and RNA depletion remain to be elucidated, depressed RNA metabolism appears to be a maladaptive response preventing rapid regeneration of cholinesterase following poisoning.

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The structure, distribution, and quantitative relationships of the glia in the abdominal ganglia of the horse leech, Haemopis sanguisuga

Kai-Kai

Pentreath

1981

J of Comparative Neurology

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The glial cells in abdominal ganglia of the horse leech Haemopis sanguisuga were studied by electron microscopy and analysed quantitatively to evaluate the suitability of this easily obtainable carnivorous species for physiological studies. Each abdominal ganglion contains eight giant glial cells, 12,000-14,000 small glial cells, and approximately 300 neurons. The giant glial cells constituted 44.6% and the small glial cells 6.4% of the ganglion's volume. The giant glial cells contain glycogen and bundles of filaments that are chiefly located in their periphery, close to the neurons into which they send processes. The small glial cells are frequently surrounded by the giant glial cells but also occur around neuronal perikarya and axon tracts, as well as against the basal lamina and connective tissue layers. The small glial cells contain lysosomes and sometimes form a trophospongium with the neurons. A system of extracellular channels, which is continuous with the basal lamina, indents the giant glial cells and extends around parts of the neurons. The extracellular channels contain a matrix that appears very similar to the basal lamina and to the cytoplasm in the processes of the small glial cells. Some of the extracellular channels contain collagen fibrils. Hemidesmosomes join the matrix-filled extracellular channels to both the neurons and the giant glial cells. Ionic lanthanum has a free access to the neurons and glial cells via the extracellular spaces and matrix-filled channels. Areas of synaptic intermingling rarely contain glial cell processes.

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Functional Biochemistry of the Neuroglia

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Topochemical aspects of nucleic‐acid and protein metabolism within the neuron‐neuroglia unit of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus

Topochemical aspects of nucleic‐acid and protein metabolism within the neuron‐neuroglia unit of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus

Scanning‐integrating cytophotometric analyses of brain neuronal RNA and acetylcholinesterase in acute soman toxicated rats

The structure, distribution, and quantitative relationships of the glia in the abdominal ganglia of the horse leech, Haemopis sanguisuga

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